DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY  AND  ENTOMOLOGY 


Ferns  and  Flowering  Plants  of  South  Dakota 


QK 

186 
S3 


(So.  DAK.  BUL.   No    64.) 

April,  1899.  Bulletin  64. 


U.  S. 

EXPERIMENT  STATION 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


IN   CONNECTION   WITH   THE 

SOUTH  DAKOTA  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 


FERNS  AND  FLOWERING  PLANTS 
OF  SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY  AND  ENTOMOLOGY. 


BROOKINGS,  SOUTH    DAKOTA. 


SIOUX    FALLS,    S.    D. 

?1LL   A.    BEACH,    PRINTER    AND    BINDER. 
1899. 


GOVERNING  BOARD. 


REGENTS   OF   EDUCATION. 

HON.  H.  H.  BLAIR,  Pres Elk  Point 

HON.  M.  F.  GREELEY Gary 

HON.  R.  W.  HAIRE,  Sec'y Aberdeen 

HON.  Iy  M.  HOUGH Sttirgis 

HON.  F.  A.  SPAFFORD Flandreau 


STATION  COUNCIL. 

DR.  F.  A.  SPAFFORD,  Regent  Member. 
JNO.  W.  HESTON,  President  of  College. 

JAS.  H.  SHEPARD,  Director Chemist 

E.  C.  CHILCOTT,  Vice  Director Agriculturist 

D.  A.  SAUNDERS Botanist  and  Entomologist 

E.  L,.  MOORE Zoologist 

N.  E.  HANSEN Horticulturist 

E.  A.  BURNETT Animal  Husbandry 

A.  M.  ALLEN,  Secretary  and  Accountant. 


ASSISTANTS. 

A.  B.  HOLM  .....  ................................  Soils 

W.  H.  KNOX  ................................  Chemistr 

S.  A.  COCHRANE  ....................  ........  Irrigation 

W.  S.  THORNBER  ..........................  Horticulture 

F.  G.  Orr  ....................................  Librarian 


farmer  of  the  state  can  have  the  Bulletins  of  this 
Station  free  upon  application  to  the  Director. 


Q 


UNIVERSITY  op 

SANTA  BARBARA 


FERNS   AND    FLOWERING    PLANTS 
OF  SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY  AND  ENTOMOLOGY. 


D.  A.  SAUNDERS. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  results  embodied  in  the  accompanying  catalogue  are 
based  on  specimens  in  the  College  herberium,  and  on  notes 
taken  in  the  field  by  Professor  T.  A.  Williams  and  the  writer. 

The  nomenclature  followed  is  the  modification  of  the  Paris 
Code  adopted  by  the  Botanical  Club  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science  at  Rochester  in  1892 
and  amended  at  the  Madison,  Wis.,  meeting  in  1893.  The 
only  synonyms  given  are  such  as  would  be  a  help  to  one' 
accustomed  to  using  Gray's  Manual. 

In  preparing  this  catalogue,  Dr.  P.  A.  Rydberg's  Flora  of 
the  Black  Hills*  has  been  freely  used.  Specimens  have  also 
been  received  from  various  collectors  in  that  region.  Pro- 
fessor Williams  has  made  extensive  collections  in  the  Sioux 
valley,  has  done  considerable  work  along  Bigstone  Lake,  and 
has  made  one  trip  from  Pierre  to  Rapid  City  and  return, 
obtaining  many  interesting  specimens,  especially  from  the 
Bad  Lands.  Messrs.  David  Griffiths,  Earl  Douglass,  Jno.  J. 
Thornber,  students  of  Professor  Williams,  have  done  consid- 
erable collecting  east  of  the  Missouri  river.  Mr.  L.  W.  Carter 
has  made  various  collecting  trips  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state,  and,  in  company  with  Mr.  Griffiths,  one  extended  trip 
from  Forest  City  along  the  Moreau  river  to  the  Black  Hills, 
returning  along  the  Cheyenne  river  to  Fort  Pierre.  The 

*Rydbeig,  P.  A.,  Contributions  from  the  United  States  National  Herberium,  Vol.  III., 
No.  8. 


•UNIVERSITY  OF  C-*T.IFORNU 
SANTA  BARBARA 


102 

writer  has  collected  over  most  of  the  state  east  of  the  Missouri 
river,  and,  in  company  with  Mr.  J.  R.  Towne,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1897  made  very  careful  examinations  of  the  Little 
Minnesota  river  and  its  tributaries.  On  this  trip  many  eastern 
species  heretofore  unknown  to  the  state  were  obtained. 

Acknowledgment  is  due  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton,  Dr.  P.  A.  Ryd- 
berg,  and  Messrs.  Nash  and  Bicknell  of  the  New  York 
Botanical  Garden,  Dr.  L.  H.  Bailey  of  Cornell  University,  and 
Professor  Sargent  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  for  the  verifica- 
tion and  determination  of  certain  species. 


CATALOGUE. 


PTERIDOPHYTES.  —  THE     FERNS     AND     THEIR 
ALLIES. 


OPHIOGLOSSACE^. — The  Adder-Tongue  Family. 

Botrychium  matricarifolium,  A.,  Br.,  Matricary  Grape- 
fern. 

Two  specimens  doubtfully  referred  to  this  species 
were  collected  near  Custer,  in  the  Black  Hills,  by  Dr. 
Rydburg. 

Botrychium  virgiiiiaimm,  (L,.)  Sw.      Virginian  Grape- 
fern. 

In  wooded  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  region  and  in  the 
Black  Hills;  rare. 

POLYPODIACE^. — The  True  Ferns. 

Oiioclea  seiisibilis,  L.,  Sensitive  fern. 

Near  Rapid  City,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Oiioclea  struthiopteris,  (L.)  Hoffm.  Ostrich-fern. 

Along  shaded  streams  in  the  Minnesota  Valley  and 
the  Black  Hills. 

Woodsia  scopuliiia,   D.    C.    Eaton.     Rocky    Mountain 
Woodsia. 

On  wooded  hillsides  in  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Woodsia  Oregon,  D.  C.  Eaton.     Oregon  Woodsia. 
Common  throughout  the  Black  Hills. 

Cystopteris  fragilis,  (L.)  Bernh.     Brittle- fern. 

On  damp  shady  banks  bordering  streams  and  lakes 
throughout  the  state. 

Pheg-opteris  dryopteris,  (L.)  Fee.     Oak-fern. 
In  deep  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 


Dryopteris  Felix-Mas,  (L.)  Schott.     Male-fern. 

Among  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Aspleiiium  trichomanes,  L.     Maiden-hair  spleanwort. 

Crevices  of  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Asplenium  Felix-foemina,  (L.)  Fee.      Bernh.      Lady- 
fern. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 

Aspleuium    Septentrioiiale,    (L.)    HofFm.       Northern 
spleanwort. 

In  crevices  of  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Adiaiitum  Capillus-Veneris,  L.     Venus-hair  fern. 

Along  a  warm  stream,  near  iCascade,  in  the  Black 
Hills.* 

Pteris  aquiliiia,  L.     Brake. 

Near  Custer,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Pellaea  atropurpurea,  (L.)  Link.     Purple-stemed  Cliff- 
brake. 

Common  in  crevices  of  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Pellaea  Breweri,  Eaton.     Brewer's  Cliff-Brake. 

In  limestone  crevices  near  Bull  Spring,  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Cheilaiithes  gracilis,  (Fee.)  Mett.     Slender  Lip-fern. 
On  exposed  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Poly  podium  vulgare,  L.     Common  Polypody. 
In  crevices  of  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Poly  podium  vulgare  rotundatum,  Wilde.      Rouud- 
lobed  Polypody. 

In  crevices  of  rocks  near  Custer,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

MARSILEACE^E. — Marsilea  Family. 
Marsilea  vestita,  Hook  &  Grev.     Hairy  Marsilea. 

Very  abundant  in  swails  and  ditches  from  the  James 
river  valley  westward  to  the  Black  Hills. 


*Bcssey,  C.  K.    Bot.,  Gaz.,  Vol.  XXVI,  No.3,  211. 


105 
Horse-Tail  Family. 

Equisetum  arveiise,  L,.     Field  Horsetail. 

In  low  sandy  soil  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Equisetum  sylvaticum,  L.     Wood  Horsetail. 
In  moist  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Equisetum  fluviatile,  L.     Swamp  Horsetail. 
In  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  region. 

Equisetuni  robustum,  A.,  Br.     Stout  Scour  ing-rush. 

In  wet  places  throughout  the  state;  less  common  than 
the  next. 

Equisetuni    laevigatum,   A.,    Br.       Smooth    Scouring- 
rush. 

In  low  wet  places;    very  abundant  throughout   the 
state. 

IvYCOPODiACE^E. — Club  Moss  Family. 

Lycopodium  obscurum,  L.     Ground  Pine. 
In  moist  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

SELAGINELLACE^. — The  L,ittle  Club  Mosses. 

Selagiuella  rupestris,  (L.)  Spring.      Rock  Selaginella. 
On  rocky  slopes  in  the  Black  Hills. 


SPERMOPHYTES.— SEED  BEARING  PLANTS. 


GYMNOSPERM^.— GYMNOSPERMS. 

PINACE^E. 

Piuus  poiiderosa  scopuloruni,  Englm.     Western  Yel 
low  pine. 

Throughout  the  Black  Hills. 

Picea  Caiiadeiisis,  (Mill.)  B.  S.  P.     White  Spruce. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  especially  in  the  northern  part. 


io6 

Juiiiperus  liana,  Willd.     Juniper. 
Juniperus  Sibericus.     Burgsd. 

On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Jimiperiis  Virgin!  an  a.     Red  Cedar. 

Rare  in  the  Black  Hills  proper,  common  in  the  foot- 
hills and  in  the  vicinity  of  streams  from  the  Black  Hills 
eastward  to  the  Missouri  river.  It  is  found  occasionally 
on  the  bluffs  on  the  east  side  of  the  river. 

Juniperus  Sabina  prostrata,  (Pers.)  Loud.      Creeping 
Red  Cedar. 

On  dry  foothills  in  the  Black  Hills. 


ANGIOSPERM^.— THE  TRUE  FLOWERINCx 
PLANTS. 


MONOCOTYLEDONES.— MONOCOTYLEDONS. 

TYPHACE^E. — Cat-Tail  Family. 

Typha  latifolia,  L.     Broad  leaved  Cat-tail. 
In  marshes  throughout  the  state. 

SPARGANIACEJE.—  The  Burreed  Family. 

Spargaiiiuiu  eurycarpiim,  Englm.     Broad  fruited  Bur- 
reed. 

In  swamps,   marshes  and   along  streams   throughout 
the  state. 

NAIADACE^E.     The  Naiad  Family. 

Potamogetoii  loucliites,  Tuckerm.     Long-leaved  Pond- 
weed. 

In  ponds  and  slow  streams  throught  the  state. 

J'ot  a  mogol  on     amplifolius,     Tuckerm.      Large-leaved 
Pondweed. 

In  ponds  and  slow  streams  throughout  the  state. 


Potamogeton  heterophyllus,  Schreb.     Various-leaved 
Pondweed. 

In  ponds  and  lakes  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Potaniogetou  perfoliatus  Richardsoiiii,  A.  Bennet. 
Clasping-leaved  Potamogeton. 

Common  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  Valleys. 

Potamogeton  alpinus,  Balbis.     Northern  Pondweed. 
In  the  Sioux  river  near  Brookings. 

Potamogetoii  foliosus,  Raf.     L/eafy  Pondweed. 

In  ponds  and  streams  throughout  the  state. 
Potamogeton  foliosus  niagareiisis,(Tuckerm.)Morong. 

In  the  Sioux  Valley. 

Potamogeton  zosteraefolius,  Schum.     Ell-grass  Pond- 
weed. 

In  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 
Potamogeton  Hillii,  Morong.     Hill's  Pondweed. 

In  the  Sioux  valley. 

Potamogeton  pusillus,  L.     Small  Pondweed. 

Common  in  ponds  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Potamogeton    pectinatiis,    L,.       Fennel-leaved    Pond- 
weed. 

In  lakes  and  streams  throughout  the  state. 
Potamogeton    mariiius  occidentals,  Robbins.     The 
Western  Pondweed. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Potamogatoii  palustris,  L.     Swamp  Patamogeton. 
In  shallow  water  in  the  Sioux  Valley. 

Zaiiiehellia  palustris,  L.     Zanichellia. 

In  brackish  pr  fresh  water  ponds  throughout  the  state. 

Kiippia  occideiitalis,  S.  Wat.     Western  Ruppia. 

In  a  strongly  alkaline  pond  in  the  Minnesota  valley, 
near  Gary. 
Naias  flexilis,  (Willd.)  Rost  &  Schmidt.     Slender  Naias. 

In  pounds  and  lakes  throughout  the  state. 


io8 
SCHEUCHZERIACE^  — Arrow-Grass  Family 

Triglochiii  palustris,  L.     Marse  Arrow-grass. 
In  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  Valley. 

Triglochiii  maritima,  L.     Seaside  Arrow-grass. 
In  marshes  throughout  the  state. 

AUSMACE^.  — Water-Plantain  Family. 

Alisma  plaiitago-aquatica,  L.     Water-plantain. 

Common  in  the  edges  of  lakes  and  streams  through- 
out the  state. 

Echinoclorus   corclifolius,  (L.)  Griseb.       Upright  Bur- 
head. 

Occasional  in  the   southeastern   corner  of  the  state, 
Sioux  Falls;  Yankton. 

Lophotocarpus  calycinus,  (Engelm.)  J.  G.  Smith.     Lo- 
potocarpus. 

Occasional  in  swamps  from  the  Missouri  river  east- 
ward. 

Sagittaria  arifolia,  Nutt.     Arum-leaved  Arrowhead. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  James  valleys  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Sagittaria  graminea,  Michx.     Grass-leaved  Sagittaria. 
In  shallow  waters  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Sagittaria  latifolia,  Willd.     Broad-leaved  Arrowhead. 
In  shallow  water  throughout  the  state. 

VALLISNERIACE.E.    Tape-Grass  Family. 

Philotria   Caiiatlensis,   (Michx.)     Britton.     Waterweed, 
Ditch  moss. 
Elodea  Canadensis,  Michx. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  river  valleys. 
Vallisiu'ria  spiralis,  L.     Tape-grass.    Ell-grass. 
In  Big  Stone  lake,  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 


io9 
. — Grass  Family. 

Aiidropogoii  Hallii,  Hack.     Hall's  Beardgrass.    Turkey- 
foot  Grass. 

In  the  Bad  Lands.     Probably  more  or  less  abundant 
from  the  Missouri  valley  westward  to  the  Black  Hills. 

Aiidropogon  scoparius,  Michx.     Broom  Beardgrass. 

Abundant  throughout  the  state.      A  valuable  forage 
grass. 

Amlropogoii  furcatus,  Muhl.     Forked  Beardgrass. 
Abundant  from  the  Missouri  eastward. 

Chrysopogou  aveuaceiis,  (Michx.)  Benth.     Bushy  Blue- 
stem,  Indian  Grass. 

In  low  damp  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward.    Locally  abundant. 

Syiitherisma  liuearis,  (Krock.)  Nash.    Small  Crab  Grass. 
Panicum  glabrum.     Gaud. 

Sparingly  introduced  into  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
state.     Near  Yankton  and  Sioux  Falls. 

Syiitherisma   saiiguiiialis,    (L.)   Nash.      Finger   Grass; 
Large  Crab  Grass. 
Panicum  sanguinale,  L. 

Introduced  into  yards  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward. 

Panicum  Crus-galli,  L.     Barnyard  Grass. 

Abundant  in  waste  places  throughout  the  state. 

Panicum  Scribiieriaimm,  Nash.     Scribner's  Panicum. 

Abundant   on    prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and    Sioux 
valleys. 

Panicum  Wilcoxiaimm,  Vasey.     Wilcox's  Panicum. 
On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  valley;  rare. 

Panicum  clicliotomum,  L.     Forked  Panicum. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 
Panicum  viscidum,  Ell.     Velvety  Panicum. 


no 

Panicum  Scoparium,  Michx. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  and  the  Black  Hills. 
Panicum  clepaiiperatiim,  Muhl.     Starved  Panicum. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Panicum  virgatum,  L.     Tall  Smooth  Panicum. 
In  low  ground  throughout  the  state. 

Panicum  Capillare,  L.     Witch  Grass. 

A  common  weed  in  waste  places  throughout  the  state. 

Ixophorus  glauciiH,  (L.)  Nash.     Foxtail.     Pigeon  grass. 
Setaria  glauca,  L. 

A  miserable  weed  in  cultivated  grounds  throughout 
the  state. 

Ixophorus  Yiriclis,  (L.)  Nash.     Green  Foxtail. 
Setaria  Viridis,  L,. 

Same  range  as  the  last. 

Ixophorus  Italicus,  (L.)  Nash.     Hungarian  Grass. 
Setaria  Ilalica,  R.  &  S. 

Escaped  along  roadsides  in  the  Sioux  valley. 
(Viichrus  tribuloicles,  L.     Sand  Burr. 

In  waste  and  sandy  places  throughout  the  state.  More 
abundant  westward. 

Zixaiiia   aquatica,   L.     Wild  Rice.    Indian  Rice.    Water 
Oats. 

In  shallow  water  from  the  Missouri  river  eatward. 
Homaloceiichrus  virgiuiciis,  (Willd.)  Britton.     White 
Grass. 
Leersia  viri%inica,  R.  &  S. 

In  shallow  water  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 
llomalocciichrus  ory/oides,  (L.)  Poll.     Rice  Cut  Grass. 
Leersia  oryzoides,  L. 

In  swampy  ground  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 
Phalaris  aruudiiiacea,  L.  Reed.     Canary  Grass. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 


1 1  r 

Phalaris  Caiiarieiisis,  L.     Canary  Grass. 

A  European  grass  which  has  escaped  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  state. 

Savastaiia  odorata,  (L.)  Scribn.  Holy  Grass.  Seneca  Grass. 
Hierochloe  borealis.     R.  &  S. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Aristida  purpurea,  Nutt.     Purple  Aristida. 

From  the  James  valley  westward,  an  abundant  grass 
on  the  range.  It  forms  large  bunches  of  dry  wiry  leaves 
that  cattle  will  not  eat  or  the  mower  cut. 

Stipa  Macoimii.     Macoun's  Stipa. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Stipa  viridula,  Trin.     Green  Stipa. 
Throughout  the  state. 

Stipa  aveiiacea,  L.     Black-oat  Grass. 
In  the  Minnesota  region. 

Stipa  coinata,  Trin.  &  Rupr.     Western  Stipa. 
From  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Stipa  Spartea,  Trin.     Porcupine  Grass. 

In  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri  valleys 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Oryzopsis  micrautha,  (Trin.  &  Rupr.)  Thurb.      Small 
flowered  Mountain  Rice. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Oryzopsis  asperifolia,  Michx.     White  grained  Mountain 
Rice. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 

Oryzopsis  melaiioearpa,  Muhl.     Black-fruited  Mountain 
Rice. 

On  wooded  bluffs  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Oryzopsis  cuspidata,  (Nutt.)  Vasey.     Silky  Oryzopsis. 
Throughout  the  state. 


112 

Ory/opsis  Jiiiicea,  (Michx.)  B.  S.  P.     Slender  Mountain 
Rice. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 

Muhleiibergia  Mexicaiia,  (L,.)  Trin.     Meadow  Muhlen- 
bergia. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and 
James  valleys. 

Muhleiibergia  racemosa,  (Michx.)  B.  S.  P. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Muhleubergia    ambigiia,    Torr.       Minnesota    Muhlen- 
bergia. 

In  the  Minnesota  region. 

Muhleubergia  Sylvatica,  Torr.     Wood  Muhlenbergia. 
In  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Muhlenbergia  Wrightii,  Vasey.   Wright's  Muhlenbergia. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Brachyelytrum  erectum,    (Schred.)  Beauv.     Brachely- 
trum. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  the  Black 
Hills. 

Phleum  prateiise,  L.     Timothy. 

Escaped  along  streams  and  road  sides  in  the'Minne- 
sota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Alopecurus  geniculatus,  L.     Marsh  Fox-tail. 
In  the  Sioux  valley. 

Sporobolus  asper,  (Michx.)   Kunth.     Rough  Rush-grass. 
Abundant  in  the  James  and   Missouri    river  valleys; 
occasional  throughout  the  state. 

Sporobolus    vagiiiseflorus,    (Torr.)     Vasey.      Sheathed 
Rush -grass. 

It  occurs  in  the  Sioux  and  the  James   river  valleys- 
rare. 


Sporobolus  cuspidatus,  Torr.     Prairie  Rush-grass. 
In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Sporobolus  ueglectus,  Nash.     Small  Rush-grass. 

In  the  Minnesota  region.      Collected  but  once  along 
an  old  Indian  trail. 

Sporobolus  airoides,  Torr.     Hair-grass.     Dropseed. 
In  the  Missouri  river  to  the  Black  Hills. 

Sporobolus    cryptaudrus,   (Torr.)     Gray.     Sand   Drop- 
seed. 

In  sandy  soil  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Sporobolus  heterolepis,  Gray.     Northern  Dropseed. 

In  low  prairies  throughout  the  state  from  the  Missouri 
river  eastward.      In  the  Minnesota  region  it  often  forms 
.   a  large  part  of  the  lowland  hay. 

Sporobolus    asperifolius,   (Nees   &    Meyen.)     Thurber. 
Rough -leaved  Dropseed. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  James  river  valley  westward. 

China  Aruiidiuacea,  L.     Wood  Reed-grass. 
In  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley. 

Cmua-   latifolia,  (Trev.)     Griseb.     Slender   Wood    Reed- 
grass. 

Cinna  Pendula,  Trin. 
In  woods  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 

Agrostis  alba,  Iy.     Red-top. 

Sparingly  introduced   in   the   Minnesota   and   Sioux 
river  valleys. 

Agrostis  exerata,  Trin.     Rough-leaved  Bent-grass. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Agrostis  caiiiiia,  L.     Brown  Bent-grass. 
In  the  Missouri  rivei  valley;  rare. 

Agrostis  pereimaus,  (Walt.)  Tuckerm.     Thin-grass. 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  the  Black 
Hills. 


liyt'iiialiM,  (Walt.)  B.  S.  P.     Rough  Hair-grass. 
Agrostis  scabra.   Willd. 

A  rather  uncommon  grass  from    the   Missouri   river 
eastward. 

inacouiiiana,   Vasey.     Macoun's   Reed- 


grass. 

From  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Calamagrostis    Caiiadensis,   (Michx.)      Beauv.      Blue 
Joint. 

Common  in  low  places,  from  the  Missouri  river  east- 
ward. 

Calamagrostis    breviseta,   (Gray.)   Scrib.      Pickering's 
Reed  grass. 

Calamagrostis  sylvatica  breviseta.     Gray. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 


coiifinis,  (Wild.)  Nutt.      Bog  Reed-grass. 
In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Calamagrostis  iieglecta,  (Ehrn.)  Gaertn.     Narrow  Reed- 
grass. 

Calamagrostis  stricta.   Beauv. 
In  the  Sioux  valley,  near  Brookings. 

Calamagrostis    Montanensis,    Scrib.     Montana    Reed- 
grass. 

Occasional  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Calamovilfa    longifolia,   (Hook.)    Hack.      Long-leaved 
Reed-grass. 

Calamagrostis  longifolia.     Hook. 
In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Aveiia  Striata,  Michx.     Purple  Oats. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 
Avena  fatua,  L.     Wild  Oats. 

Introduced  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 
Arrhenatliernm  Elatius,  (L.)  Beauv.     Oat-grass. 

Escaped  from  cultivation  near  Brookings. 


1*5 

Daiithoiia  spicata,  Beauv.     Wild  Oat-grass. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Spartiiia  Cyiiosuroides,  (L.)  Willd.      Tall  Marsh-grass. 
In  swamps  and  streams  throughout  the  state. 

Spartiiia  gracilis,  Trin.     Inland  Cord-grass. 

In  alkaline  soils  along  Cheyenne  river  in  the  Bad 
Lands  and  along  Lake  Traverse. 

Schedoimardus  paiiiculatus,  (Nutt.)   Trelease.    Sched- 
onnardus. 

Found  occasionally  along  trails  from  the  Missouri 
river  to  the  Black  Hills,  also  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
state  east  of  the  river. 

Bouteloua  hirsuta,  Lag.     Hairy  Mesquite-grass. 

In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state,  but  much  less  com- 
mon than  the  next. 

Bouteloua  oligostachya,  (Nutt.)  Torr.     Mesquite-grass. 

Very  abundant  throughout  the  state;  commonly  called 
"False  Buffalo  Grass." 

Bouteloua    Curtipeiidula,    (Michx.)    Torr.       Racemed 
Bouteloua. 

Common  throughout  the  state. 

Beckmaimia  erucseformis,  (L.)  Host.     Beckmannia. 

In  wet  places  throughout  the  state. 
Bulbilis  dactyloides,  (Nutt.)  Raf.     Buffalo-grass. 

Throughout  the  state.     It  is  rapidly  disappearing  in 
the  eastern  and  southern  part  of  the  state. 
Muiiroa  squarrosa,  (Nutt,)  Torr.     Munro's  grass. 

On  the  dry  plain  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Phragmites  Phragmitea,  (L.)  Karst.     Reed-grass. 

In  swamps  and  along  the  edges  of  streams  from  the 
Missouri  river  eastward. 

Diplaelme    fascieulari.s,    (Lam.)    Beauv.     Salt-meadow 
Diplachne. 

In  alkaline  Marshes  east  of  the  Missouri  river. 


no 

Eragrostis  pilosa,  (L.)  Beauv.     Tufted  Eragrostis. 

Sparingly    introduced   into  the  eastern  and  southern 
part  of  the  state. 

Eragrostis  pursbii,  Schrad.     Pursh's  Eragrostis. 
In  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Eragrostis  Major,  Host,     Strong-scented  Eragrostis. 

Common  east  of  the  Missouri,  rare  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Eragrostis  hypiioides,  (Lam.)  B.  S.    P.     Creeping  Era- 
grostis. 

Common  on  sandy  shores  east  of  the  Missouri  river. 

Eatoiiia  obtusata,  (Michx.)  Gray.     Blunt-scaled  Eatonia. 
East  of  the  Missouri  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Eatoiiia    Peimsylvaiiica,    (Dc.)     Gray.     Pennsylvanian 
Eatonia. 

East  of  the  Missouri  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Koeleria  cristata,  (L.)  Pers.     Koeleria. 

Common    from    the    Missouri    river   westward   to  the 
Black  Hills. 

Catabrosia  aquatica,  (L.)  Beauv.     Water  whirl-grass. 
In  swamps  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Distichlis  spicata,  (L.)  Greene.     Marsh  Spike-grass. 

Common  in  low  alkaline  soils  throughout  the  state. 
Dactylis  glomerata,  L.     Orchard -grass. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  pastures  in  the  extreme  east- 
ern part  of  the  state  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  compressa,  L.     Wire-grass. 

In  dry  places  east  of  the  Missouri  river. 
Poa  prateiisis,  L.     Kentucky  Blue-grass. 

Introduced  into  meadows  and  lawns  east  of  the  river; 
probably  native  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  pseudoprateiisis,  Scrib.  &  Ryd.     Prairie  Meadow- 
grass. 

Found  near  Hot  Springs,  in  the  Black  Hills. 


"7 
Poa  trivialis,  L.     Rough  Meadow-grass. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  the  vicinity  of  Brookiugs. 

Poa  flava,  L.     False  Red- top. 

In  swampy  places  in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the 
state;  the  Sioux  and  Little  Minnesota  valleys. 

Poa  iiemoralis,  L.     Wood  Meadow-grass. 

On  moist  banks  in  the  Sioux  and  James  river  valleys 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  debilis,  Torr.     Weak  Spear-grass. 

In  wooded  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Poa  alsodes,  Gray.     Grove  Meadow-grass. 

In  damp  woods  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  arid  a,  Vasey.     Prairie  Spear-grass. 
In  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Poa  alpiiia,  L.     Alpina  Spear-grass. 

Near  Hot  Springs,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  Buckleyaiia,  Nash.     Buckley's  Spear-grass. 
In  dry  soils  near  Hot  Springs. 

Poa  Irevis,  Vasey.     Smooth  Poa. 

Extends  from  the  Missouri  valley  to  the  Black  Hills. 

Poaffeiiclleriana,   (Steud.)  Vasey.     Fendler's  Poa. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  iievedeiisis,  Vasey.     Nevada  Poa. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Poa  aniiua,  L.     Annual  Meadow-grass. 
Elk  Canon,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Paiiicularia  iiervata,  (Willd.)  Knutze.     Nerved  Manna- 
grass. 
Glyceria  nervata.     Trin. 

In  the  Sioux  and  Little  Minnesota  valleys,  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 


xi  8 

Paiiicularia   Americana,  (Torr.)  McM.     Reed  Meadow- 
grass. 

Glyceria  grandis,  S.  Wats. 
Occasional  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Paiiicularia    fluitaiis,   (L.)    Kuntz.     Floating    Meadow- 
grass. 
Glyceria  fluitans.     R.  B. 

In  shallow  water  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Festuca  octoflora,  Walt.     Slender  Fescue. 

In  dry  sandy  soil  from  the  James  valley  to  the  Black 
Hills. 

Festuca  oviua,  L.     Sheep's  Fescue. 

Grows  in  bunches  on  dry  prairies  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Festuca  Nutaiis,  Willd.     Nodding  Fescue. 

On  shady  bluffs  in  the  Sioux  and  Little  Minnesota 
valleys. 

Bromus  ciliatus,  L.     Fringed  Brome. 

In  thickets  in  the  Sioux,  James  and  Little'Minnesota 
valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Bromus  Kalmii,  Gray.     Kalm's  Chess. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Bromus  pimpelliauus.     Scribner. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 


repeiis,  (L.)  Beauv.     Cough-grass,    '  'Quack"  - 
grass. 

A  most  troublesome  weed  in  cultivated  fields  east  of 
the  Missouri  river. 

Agropyroii  violaceum,  (Horn.)  Vasey.     Purplish  wheat- 
grass. 

Found  occasionally  on  high  ground,  from  the  Missouri 
valley  eastward.  Specimens  collected  by  Dr.  Rydberg 
in  the  Black  Hills  were  doubtfully  referred  to  Agropyron 
vio/aceum  ma/us. 


n9 

Ag-ropyroii  spicatum,  (Pursh.)  Scrib.  &  Smith.  Western 
Wheat-grass.     Alkali-grass. 

Throughout  the  state.  In  the  James  and  Missouri 
valleys^  it  forms  a  great  portion  of  the  forage.  It  prefers 
a  damp,  heavy,  somewhat  alkaline  soil.  It  is  not  com- 
mon on  the  prairies  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  but 
is  becoming  more  abundant  where  the  land  is  broken. 

Aft-ropyroii  teiierum,  Vasey.     Slender  Wheat-grass. 
Common  on  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Agropyrou  stryg-osum,  Beauv.     Rough  Wheat-grass. 
In  sterile  soil  along  Indian  creek  in  the  Bad  Lands. 

Agropyrou  caiiiimm,  (L  )  R.  &  S.     Awned  Wheat-grass. 
Common  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the  Black  Hills, 
probably  throughout  the  state. 

Hordeum  Jubatuiu,  L.     Squirrel-tail-grass. 

A  very  common  and  troublesome  weed  in  all  waste 
places  throughout  the  state. 

Elymus  striatus,  Willd.     Slender  wild  rye. 

On  banks  of  streams  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward, and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Elymus  virg'iiii<'iis,  L,.     Terrell-grass;  wild  rye. 
Common  along  streams  throughout  the  state. 

Elymus  caiiadeiisis,  L.     Nodding  wild  rye. 

Common  along  streams  throughout  the  state.  Most 
of  the  material  from  the  arid  regions  west  of  the  Mis- 
souri river  and  in  the  Black  Hills  belongs  to  the  variety 
Glaucifolius  Torr. 

Elymus  Maoounii,  Vasey.     Macoun's  wiU  rye. 
In  the  Little  Minnesota  valley. 

Elymus  Elymoides,  (Raf.)     Swezey.     Long-bristled  wild 
rye. 

From  the  Missouri  river  westward;  rare. 
Elymus  dasystachys,  Trin.     Western  wild  rye. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 


120 

CYPERACE^.— The  Sedge  Family. 

Cyperus  iiiflexus,  Muhl.     Awned  Cyperus. 
Cyperus  Anstatus,  of  Manuals. 
In  damp  sandy  soil  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Cyperus  Schvveiiiitzii,  Torr.    Schweinitz  Cyperus. 

In  low,  moist  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Cyperus   acumiuatus,   Torr.    &    Hook.      Short-pointed 
Cyperus. 

In  wet  meadows  throughout  the  state. 

Cyperus  erythrorhizos,  Muhl.     Red-rooted  Cyperus. 
In  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Cyperus  strigosus,  L.     Straw-colored  Cyperus. 

In  wet  meadows  in  the  little  Minnesota  valley. 

Cyperus  ovularis,  (Michx.)  Torr.     Globose  Cyperus. 
In  the  Sioux  and  Little  Minnesota  valleys.  ; 

Eleocharis  Eiiglemaimi.     Steud.     Englemann's  Spike- 
rush. 

In  wet  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward.  There 
are  several  specimens  in  the  College  herbarium  labelled- 
E.  Ovata.  The  plants  all  have  the  pointed  spike,  the 
low  broad  tubercle  covering  the  top  of  the  achene  and 
the  short  bristles  of  E.  Englemanni. 

Eleocharis   palustris,  (L.)  R.   &  S.      Creeping    Spike- 
rush. 

In  swamps  and  ponds  in  the  Black  Hills,  James,  Sioux 
and  Little  Minnesota  valleys;  and  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  Missouri  valley. 

Eleocharis  acicularis,  (L.)  R.  &  S.     Needle  Spike-rush. 

In  wet  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and 
probably  throughout  the  state. 

Eleocharis    acumiuata,   (Muhl.)   Nees.      Flat-stemmed 
Spike-rush. 

In  the  Black  Hills  near  Hot  Springs. 


121 

Eleocharis  intermedia,  (Muhl.)  Schuttes.    Matted  Spike- 
rush. 

In  springy  marshes  in  the  Sioux  valley,  near  Brook- 
ings;  rare. 

Scirpus  pauciflorus,  Lightf.     Few-flowered  Club-rush. 
In  the  Black  Hills,  near  Custer. 

Scirpus  debilis,  Pursli.     Weak-stalked  Club-rush. 

In  the  Missouri  valley,  in  Potter  and  Walworth 
counties. 

Scirpus  Americauus,  Pers.     Three-squares. 
Scirpus  pungeus,  Vah  1 . 

In  brackish,  or  fresh  water  swarnps  throughout  the 
state;  rare  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Scirpus  lacustris,  L.     Great  Bulrush. 

In  lakes  and  ponds  throughout  the  state. 

Scirpus  fluviatilis,  (Torr.)  Gray.     River  Bulrush. 

On  sandy  shores  of  lakes  and  ponds,  and  along  slow 
streams  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  throughout 
the  state.  In  one  locality  "between  600  and  1,000  acres 
came  up  in  June,  1894,  and  yielded  from  16  to  25 
bushels  per  acre  of  seed,  which  was  used  for  feed  for 
stock  and  chickens."  . 

Scirpus  atrovireus,  Muhl.     Dark-green  Bulrush. 

In  swamps  in  the  Sioux  and  Little  Minnesota  valleys. 

Scirpus  atrovireus  pallidus,  Britton.     Pale  Sedge. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Scirpus  cyperiuus,  (L.)  Kunth.     Wood-grass. 
In  the  Black  Hills,  near  Custer. 

Eriophorum  polystachyou,  L.     Tall  Cotton-grass. 

In  springy   bogs   in   the   Sioux    valley.     Watertown, 
Toronto,  Elkton. 
Eriophorum  j^racile,  Kock.     Slender  Cotton-grass. 

Collected  in  a  springy  bog  in  the  extreme  eastern  part 
of  the  state,  near  Elkton. 


122 

Carex  liipuliformis,  Sartwell.     Hop-like  Sedge. 

In  swauips  and  lake  margins  in  the  Little  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys;  forming  a  considerable  of  the  forage 
on  low  ground. 

Carex  festiva,  Dewey.     Festival  Sedge. 
Very  rare,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  utriculata,  Boott.     Bottle  Sedge. 

In  marshes  in  the  Little  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  hystriciiia,  Muhl.     Porcupine  Sedge. 

In  springy  swamps  in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  the 
Sioux  valley. 

Carex  inoiiile,  Tuckerm.     Necklace  Sedge. 

la  a  springy  bog  near  Elkton;  the  extreme  eastern 
part  of  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carex  retrorsa,  Schwein.     Retrorse  Sedge. 

In  wet  meadows  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Carex  pseudo-eyperus,  L.     Cyperous-like  Sedge. 

In  low  swails  and  margins  of  ponds  in  the  Sioux 
valley. 

Carex  trichocarpa,  Muhl.     Hairy-fruited  Sedge. 

In  lakes  and  marshes  in  the  Little  Minnesota,  the 
Sioux,  and  the  southern  part  of  the  Missouri  valley. 

Carex  aristata,  R.  Br.     Awned  Sedge. 
In  swamps  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carex  Houghtouii,  Torn     Houghton's  Sedge. 

On  dry  banks  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 

Carex  Ian  Mimosa,  Michx.     Woolly  Sedge. 

In  springy  swamps  in  the  Little  Minnesota,  the  Sioux 
and  the  southern  part  of  the  James  and  Missouri  valleys. 

Carex  filiform!*,  L.     Slender  Sedge. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 


123 

Carex  stricta,  Dewey.     Tussock  Sedge. 

In  low  meadows  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys,  and 
the  southern  part  of  the  Missouri  valley. 

Carex  Haycleuii,  Dewey.     Hayden's  Sedge. 

In    sloughs    in  the    Little  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  the 
James  valleys. 

Carex  Nebraskeiisis,  Dewey.     Nebraska  Sedge. 
In  the  Black  Hills  near  Custer. 

Carex  loiigirostris,  Torr.     Long-beaked  Sedge. 

On  damp  shady  banks    in    the    Little    Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  Assiiiiboiiiensis,  W.  Boott.     Assiniboia  Sedge. 

On  damp  shady  banks  in  the  Little   Minnesota,  and 
the  northern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carex  capillaria,  L.     Hair-like  Sedge. 

On  moist  shady  banks  bordering  streams  in  the  Little 
Minnesota  valley. 

Carex  grisea,  Wahl.     Gray  Sedge. 

In  low  woods  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 

Carex  tetauica,  Schk.     Wood  Sedge. 

In  low  ground  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carex  Meadii,  Dewey.     Mead's  Sedge. 

In  wet  meadows  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 

Carex  laxiflora  hlaiida,  (Dewey.)   Boott.    Loose-flowered 
Sedge. 

In  damp  woods   near  lakes   in   the   Little    Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys. 

Carex  aurea,  Nutt.     Golden-fruited  Sedge. 
In  the  Black  Hills,  near  Lead. 

Carex  Kichardsoiiii,  R.  B.     Richardson's  Sedge. 

In  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills, 
not  abundant. 


124 

Carex   peclicellata,   (Dewey.)      Britton.      Fibrous-rooted 
Sedge. 

On  bluffs  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley;  rare. 

Carex  Peiinsylvaiiica,  Lam.     Pennsylvania  Sedge. 

Very  abundant  in  dry  soils, .  both  open  and  shaded. 
From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  and  in  the  Black 
Hills,  probably  throughout  the  state. 

Carex  varia,  Muhl.     Emmons'  Sedge. 
In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  filifolia,  Nutt.     Thread-leaved  Sedge. 

In  dry  soil  throughout  the  state,  more  abundant  in  the 
central  and  western  part. 

Carex  steiiophylla,  Wahl.     Involute-leaved  Sedge. 

In  dry  soil  throughout  the  state.  This  plant  and  C. 
Pennsylvanica  form  not  an  inconsiderable  amount  of 
early  forage. 

Carex  Marcicla,  Boott.     Clustered  Field  Sedge. 

In  the  Little  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  gravicla,  Bailey.     Heavy  Sedge. 
On  low  ground  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carex  vulpinoidea,  Michx.     Fox  Sedge. 

In  the  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri  valleys. 

Carex  Sartwellii,  Dewey.     Sartwell's  Sedge. 

In  the  Sioux  and  the  Little  Minnesota  valleys. 

Carex  tenella,  Schk.     Soft-leaved  Sedge. 
Near  Sylvan  Lake  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  rosea,  Schk.     Stellate  Sedge. 

On  damp  wooded  bluffs  of  Bigstone  Lake  in  the  Little 
Minnesota  valley. 

Carex  *terilis,  Willd.     Little  Prickly  Sedge. 
In  the  Sioux  valley  near  White. 


125 

Carex  siccata,  Dewey.     Hillside  Sedge. 

In  the  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri  valleys  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Carex  tribuloides,  Wahl.     Blunt  Broom  Sedge. 
In  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carex  tribuloicles  Bebbii,  Bailey. 
Occurs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carex  foeiiea,  Willd.     Hay  Sedge. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings;  rare. 

Carex  Deweyaiia,  Schwein.     Dewey's  Sedge. 

Occurs  rather  rarely  in  the  Black  Hills  and  in  the 
Sioux  valley. 

Carex  strammea,  Willd.     Straw  Sedge. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Sioux  and  lyittle  Minnesota  valleys. 

Carex  festucacea^,  Willd.     Fescue  Sedge. 
In  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 

Carex  Bicknellii,  Britton.     Bickuell's  Sedge. 
Carex  Straminea  Crawei,  Boott. 
Near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Carex     syehiiocephala,     Carey.       Dense     Long-beaked 
Sedge. 

In  low  meadows  in  the  Sioux  valley,  near  Brookings, 
and  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley  near  outlet  of  Big- 
stone  1/ake. 

ARACE^E. — The  Arum  Family. 

Arissema  triphyllum,  (L,.)  Torr.     Indian  Turnip. 

On  moist  shady  banks  bordering  lakes  and  streams  in 
.    the  Little  Minnesota  and  the  Sioux  valleys. 

Acorns  falaiuus,  L.     Sweet  Flag. 

Collected  in  two  localities  in  the  extreme  eastern  part 
of  the  state. 


126 

LEMNACE^. — Duckweed  Family. 

Spirodella  polyrhiza,  (L.)  Schleid.     Greater  Duckweed. 
In  ditches,  ponds  and  lakes  throughout  the  state. 

Leiniia  trisulca,  L.     Star  Duckweed. 

In  ponds  and  pools;  so  far  it  has  been  collected  only 
from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Leiniia  minor,  L.     Lesser  Duckweed. 

In  ponds,  lakes  and  stagnant  water  throughout  the 
state. 

COMMELINACE^. — Spiderwort  Family. 

Tradescantia  virgiiiiaua,  L.     Spiderwort. 

Abundant  in  low  moist  ground  throughout  the  state. 

PONTEDERI  ACE^e.  — Pickerel  weed  Family. 

Heteranthera  limosa,  (Sw.)  Willd.     Smaller  Mud  Plan- 
tain. 

In  muddy  ponds  near  Dell  Rapids,  in  the  Sioux  val- 
ley and  at  various  points  in  the  Missouri  valley. 

Heteranthera  dubia,  (Jacq.)  McM.    Water  Star-grass. 
Schollera  graminea,  Gray. 

In  clear  water  from  the  Missouri  eastward. 

JUNCACE^;. — Rush  Family. 

Jimcus  effusus,  L.     Bog  Rush. 

Common  in  low  ground  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Juiicus  bufonius,  L.     Toad  Rush. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Jimcus  tennis,  Willd.     Slender  Rush. 

Common  in  the  Sioux  and  the  James  river  valleys  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

.hi nc us  Vaseyi,  Englm.     Vasey's  Rush. 

Near  Hot  Springs,  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Juiicus  lougistylis,  Torr.     Long-styled  Rush. 

Near  Lead  City,  in  the  Black  Hills. 


Juncus  nodosus,  L.     Knotted  Rush. 

In  the  Sioux,  the  Little  Minnesota,  and  the  James 
valleys,  and  the  Black  Hills. 

Juncus  Torreyi,  Coville.     Torrey's  Rush. 

In  the  Sioux,  Minnesota,  James  and  Missouri  valleys, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Juncus  Xiphioides  Montaiius,  Englm.     The  Mountain 
Sedge. 

A  rare  plant  near  Custer,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Juncoides  comosum,  (Meyer.)  Sheldon.  The  Hairy  Rush. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

MELANTHACE.E. — Bunch-Flower  Family. 

Zygadeims  elegaiis,  Pursh.     Glaucous  Zygadenus. 

In  low  prairies  probably  throughout  the  state,  the  Lit- 
tle Minnesota,  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri  valleys,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Zygadenus  veiiosus,  S.  Wats.     Poisonous  Zygadenus. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  near  Hot  Springs,  Rapid  City,  etc. 

Uvularia    grandiflora,    J.    E.     Smith.      Large-flowered 
Bellwort. 

In  damp  shady  ravines  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley. 

LILIACE^.— The  Lily  Family. 

Leucocrinum  moiitaimm,  Nutt.     Leucocrinum. 

Common  in  the  Black  Hills,  Custer,  Rapid  City  and 
the  adjacent  plains. 

Alliuni  tricoccum,  Ait.     Wild  Leek. 

In  damp  deep  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Alliuni  C'ermmm,  Both.     Nbdding  Wild  Onion. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  and  the  Black  Hills,  abundant. 

Alliuni  stellatum,  Kerr.     Prairie  Wild  Onion. 

Common  in  dry  soils  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the 
-       Black  Hills. 


128 

A  !  I  i  ii  111  Caiiaclensis,  L.     Meadow  Garlic. 

Common  in  low  prairies  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Allium  Nuttallii,  S.  Wats.     Nuttall's  Wild  Onion. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  southern  part  of  the  James  and 
Missouri  valleys. 
Allium  reticulatum,  Don.     Fraser's  Wild  Onion. 

On  dry  prairies  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Allium  G-eyeri,  Wats.     Geyer's  Wild  Onion. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Li  I  i  ii  in  iimbellatum,  Pursh.     Western  Red  Lily. 

In  low  prairies  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Fritillaria  atropurpurea,  Nutt.     Purple  Fritillaria. 

In  the  Bad  Lands  region  in  the  south  central  part  of 
the  state. 

Calochortus   Nuttallii,   T.    &  G.      Nuttall's   Mariposa 
Lily. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 

Calochortus  Guimisonii,  S.  Wats.    Gunnison's  Mariposa 
Lily. 

In  the  Black  Hills  and  in  the  Bad  Lands. 

Yucca  glauca,  Nutt.     Bear-grass,  Indian  Soapweed. 

Common  in  the  dry  soils,  especially  on  bluffs  from  the 
Missouri  valley  to  the  Black  Hills. 

CONVALLARIACE^.  —Lily  of  the  Valley  Family. 

Asparagus,  Officiualis,  L.     Asparagus. 

Escaped  in  fields  and  timber  claims  in  a  few  places; 
Brookings,  Yankton  and  Dell  Rapids. 

Vagiiera  racemosa,  (L.)  Morong.     Wild  Spiknard. 
Smilacina  racemosa. 

On  damp,  shady  banks  in  the  Sioux  and  Little  Minne- 
sota valleys. 


129 

Vjigiiera,  stellata,  (L  )  Morong.     Star-flowered  Solomon's 
Seal. 
Smilacina  Stellata,  Nutt. 

In  the  little  Minnesota,  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri 
valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Vagiiera  amqlexicaulis,  (Nutt.)  Greene.     Western  Sol- 
omon's Seal. 

Smilacina  amplexicaulis,  Nutt. 
In  the  Black  Hills.  . 

Unifolimu  Caiiadeiise,  (Desf.)  Greene.     False  L,ily-of-the- 
Valley. 
Majanthemum  Canadense,  Desf. 

In  shady  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Diosporum  tracliycarpum,  (S.  Wats.)  B.  &  H.     Rough - 
fruited  Diosporum. 
Prosartes  trachycarpum,  S.  Wats. 
In  shady  places  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Streptopus    amplexifolius,    (L.)  Dec.      Clasping-leaved 
Twist-foot. 

Near  Sylvan  Lake,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Polygouatum    Coiiimutatuiii,  (R.  &  S.)     Dietr.    True 
Solomon's  Seal. 

In  moist  Woods  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Trillium  erectum,  L.     Ill-scented  Wake  Robin. 

In  deep  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley.  Fruiting 
specimens  were  also  collected  in  the  same  locality  with 
the  last  which  agree  with  T.  Grandiflorum,  but  as  no 
flowers  were  collected  this  is  not  reported  as  a  certainty. 

SMiivACACE^E. — The  Smilax  Family. 

Smilax  herbacea,  L.     Carrion  Flower. 

In  woods  and  thickets  throughout  the  state. 


1 30 

Sin  i  hi  \  hispida,  Muhl.     Hispid  Greenbrier. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley  from  Sioux 
Falls  southward  and  in  the  Southern  Missouri  valley  to 
Running  Water. 

AMARYLLIDACE^. — Amaryllis  Family. 

Hypoxis  hirsuta,  (L.)  Coville.     Star-grass. 

Common  on  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys. 

IRIDACE^E. — The  Iris  Family! 

Iris  Missourieiisis,  Nutt.     Western  Flag. 

In  wet  soils  throughout  the  Black  Hills. 

Sisyrinchium  august  i  folium,  Mill.     Pointed  Blue-eyed 
Grass. 

Common  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

ORCHIDACE^E.— The  Orchid  Family. 

Cyprepedium  candidum,  (Willd.)    Small  White  Ladies' 
Slipper. 

In  low,  damp  meadows  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys. 

Cyprepedium   hirsutum,  Mill.     Large    Yellow   Ladies' 
Slipper. 

In  the  deep,  shaded  ravines  of  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Cyprepedium     parviflorran,     Salisb.      Small     Yellow 
Ladies'  Slipper. 

In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Habeiiaria  hyperborea,  (L.)    Tall  Green  Orchis. 

In  bogs  in  the  Little  Missouri  valley  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 


Habeiiaria    bracteata,   (Wild.)    R.    Br.       Long-bracted 
Orchis. 

In  damp  woods  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Habeiiaria  leucopliaea,  (Nutt.)    A.  Gray.    Prairie  White- 
fringed  Orchis. 

In  low  prairies  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings; 
rare. 

Gyrostachys  Roiiiaiizoffiaiia,  (Cham.)  MacM.     Hooded 
Ladies'  Tresses. 
Spiranthes  Romanzoffiana,  (Cham.) 

In  low  ground  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the  Black 

Hills. 

Peramium   repeiis,    (L.)      Salisb.       Lesser    Rattlesnake 
Plaintain. 

Goodyera  repens,  R.  Br. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Gorallorhiza   Corollorhiza,  (L.)     Karst.     Early  Coral- 
root. 

In  woods  in  the  Little  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Corallorhiza  multiflora,  Nutt.     Large  Coral-root. 
On  shady  banks  in  the  Black  Hills. 


DICOTYLEDONES. 


JUGLANDACE^B). — Walnut  Family. 

Jug-lans  nigra,  L.     Black  Walnut. 

Occurs  native  only  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
state;  Union  county. 


132 

SALICACE^.— Willow  Family. 

Populus  balsamifera,  L.     Balsam  Poplar. 

In  the  deep,  wooded  ravines  of  the  Minnesota  valley; 
rare.  It  is  reported  also  from  near  Sioux  Falls,  but  no 
specimens  have  been  seen.* 

Populus    angustifolia,    James.     Narrow-leaved    Cotton- 
wood. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 
Populus  acumiiiata,  Rydberg.     Black  Cottonwood. 

Near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Populus  tremuloides,  Michx.     American  Aspen. 

On  the  dry  bluffs  and  in  the  spring  swamps  in  the 
Minnesota  valley,  in  the  higher  altitudes  in  the  Black 
Hills,  and  in  isolated  patches  between  the  Missouri  river 
and  the  Black  Hills.  It  is  reported  also  from  the  Sioux 
valley,  but  no  specimens  have  been  seen. 

Populus  deltoides,  Marsh.     Cottonwood. 

Around  lakes  and  bordering  streams  throughout  the 
state;  common. 

Salix  iiigra,  Marsh.     Black  Willow. 

A  shrub  or  small  tree,  common  along  streams  in  the 
Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Salix  fluviatilis,  Nutt.     Sand-bar  Willow. 
Salix  longifolia,  Gray. 

A  small,  slender  shrub,  along  streams  and  lakes 
throughout  the  state;  the  commonest  of  the  willows. 

Salix  Bebbiaua,  Sarg.     Bebb's  Willow. 
Salix  rostrata,  Richards. 

In  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Salix  h u in  Mis,  Marsh.     Prairie  "Willow. 

Common  in  the  Minnesota  region;  it  is  usually  found 
on  the  wooded  bluffs  or  the  edge  of  the  open  prairie, 
acting  as  the  advance  guard  of  the  wooded  formations. 

*WilHams,  Bulletin  43,  U.  S.  Exp.  Sta.,  S.  D.;  105;  1895. 


133 

Salix  discolor,  Muhl.     Glaucous  Willow. 

In  cold  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Salix  cordata,  Muhl.     Heart-leaved  Willow. 
Along  streams  throughout  the  state. 

Salix  balsamifera,  (Hook.)  Barrett.     Balsam  Willow. 
In  the  cold  spring  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  region. 

Salix  aclenophylla,  (Hook.)     Furry  Willow. 

A  single  specimen  was  collected  on  the  shores  of  one 
of  the  numerous  lakes  found  in  the  coteaus  in  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  state,  which  is  doubtfully  referred  to 
this  species. 

Salix  myrtilloides,  L.     Bog  Willow. 

In  the  boggy  swamps  at  the  head  of  the  coulies  in  the 
Minnesota  region. 

BETULACE.E.— The  Birch  Family. 

Ostrya  virgiuica,  (Mill.)     Iron-wood. 

On  wooded  bluffs  in  the  Minnesota  region,  and  among 
the  foot-hills  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Corylus  Americana,  Walt.     Hazelnut. 

In  thickets  and  open  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  regions,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Corylus  rostrata,  Ait.     Beaked  Hazelnut. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  not  as  common  as  the  last. 

Betula  papyrifera,  Marsh.     Canoe  Birch. 
Common  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Betula  occideiitalis,  Hook.     Western  Red  Birch. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  common. 

Betula  glaudulosa,  Michx.     Scrub  Birch. 

A  low  shrub,  abundant  in  many  places  in  the  Black 
.Hills. 


134 
. — Beech  Family. 

Quercus  macrocarpa,  Michx.     Burr  Oak. 

In  rich,  open  woods  and  on  dry  bluffs,  in  the  vicinity 
of  streams  or  lakes  throughout  the  state.  The  White 
Oak  (Quercus  Alba]  has  been  reported  for  this  state,  but 
wherever  specimens  were  received  or  the  locality  visited, 
the  tree  proved  to  be  one  of  the  numerous  forms  of  the 
Burr  Oak.  It  seems  very  doubtful  if  the  white  oak 
occurs  in  this  state. 

ULMACE^). — The  Elm  Family. 

Ulmus  Americana,  L.     White  Elm. 

Along  streams  and  lakes  throughout  the  state. 

Ulmus  fulva,  Michx.     Slippery  Elm. 

Extends  up  the  Sioux  river  to  Sioux  Falls,  and  up  the 
Missouri  river  nearly  to  Chamberlain.  A  few  trees  were 
also  found  around  Buffalo  Lake  in  the  northeastern  part 
of  the  state,  just  west  of  the  head  waters  of  the  lyittle 
Minnesota. 

Celtis  occidental!®,  L.     Hackberry. 

In  the  vicinity  of  lakes  and  streams  throughout  the 
state. 

MoRACE^e. — The  Mulberry  Family. 

Moms  rubra,  L.     Red  Mulberry. 

This  tree  is  found  naturally  only  in  the  extreme 
southeastern  county  of  the  state,  along  the  Sioux  river; 
Elk  Point. 

1 1  ii  in  it  I  us  Lupulus,  L.     Hops. 

In  thickets  bordering  streams  and  lakes  throughout 
the  state. 

Caimabis  sativa,  L.     Hemp. 

Sparingly  introduced  into  the  state  from  the  Missouri 
river  eastward. 


135 
URTICACE^. — Nettle  Family. 

Urtica  gracilis,  Ait.     Slender  Nettle. 

In  thickets  and  low  ground  throughout  the  state. 

Urticastrum  divaricatum,  (L.)  Kuntze.   Wood  Nettle. 
Laportea  Canadensis,  Gaud. 

In  low,  rich  woods  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Adicea  Pumila,  (L.)  Raf.     Clearweed. 
Pilea  pumila^  Gray. 

In  damp,  shady  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys. 

Parietaria  Pennsylvania,  Muhl.     Pennsylvanian  pel- 
litory. 

In  shady  woods  from  the  Missouri  eastward,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

SANTALACE^E. — Sandal- wood  Family. 

Comaudra  umbellata,  (I/.)  Nutt.     Bastard  Toad-flax. 

On  dry,  gravelly  bluffs  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward. 

Coinandra  pallida,  A.  DC.     Pale  Comandra. 

From    the    Missouri  river  westward    throughout   the 
state,  including  the  Black  Hills. 

POLYGONACE^E. — Buckwheat  Family. 

Eriogouum  annum,  Nutt.     Annual  Eriogonum. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  and  also  extending  over  most  of 
the  plains  region  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Eriogonum  multiceps,  Nees.     Branched  Eriogonum. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  river  westward, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Eriogonum   pauciflorum,    Pursh.     Few-flowered   Erio- 
gonum. 

In    the    Black    Hills,   and    in  the  surrounding   plain 
region. 


i36 

Eriogonum  flavum,  Nutt.     Yellow  Eriogonum. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Rumex  acetosella,  L.     Sheep  Sorrel. 

A  European  weed  introduced  into  pastures  and  timber 
claims,  etc.,  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Rumex  venosus,  Pursh.     Veined  Dock. 

From  the  bluffs  of  the  Missouri  river  westward,  in- 
cluding the  Black  Hills. 

Rumex  altissimus,  Wood.     Peach-leaved  Dock. 

Common   along  streams  and  in  wet  ground  from  the 
Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Rumex  salicifolius,  Weinm.     Pale  Dock. 

In  low  ground  near  lakes  and  streams  throughout  the 
state. 

Rumex  Britaimica,  L,.     Great-water  Dock. 
In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Rumex  occicleutalis,  S.  Wats.     Western  Dock. 

On  the  plains  west  of  the  Missouri  river,  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Rumex  crispus,  L.     Curled  Dock. 

Sparingly  introduced  into  the  state  from  the  Missouri 
river  eastward,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Rumex  persicarioides,  L.     Golden  Dock. 

Abundant  on  damp,  shady  shores  from  the  Missouri 
valley  eastward. 

Polygoimm  viviparum,  L.     Alpine  Bistort. 
In  damp,  mossy  places  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Polygonum  amphibiiim,  L.     Water  persicaria. 

In  shallow  water  in  the  Minnesota,  the  Sioux  and  the 
James  valleys. 

Polygouum  Hartwrightii,  Gray.     Hartwright's    Persi- 
caria. 

In  the  Sioux  valley;  rare. 


'37 

Polygonum  emersum,  (Mich.)  Britton.     Swamp   Persi- 
caria. 

In  swamps  and  edges  of  ponds  throughout  the  state. 

Polyg'oimm  lapatliifoliimi,  L-     Dock-leaved  Persicaria. 
In  waste  places  throughout  the  state;  rare  west  of  the 
Missouri,  except  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Polygonum  lapathifoliuiii  incaimm,  (Schmidt.)  Kock. 
Same  range  as  the  type. 

Polygoimm  Peimsylvaiiicuiii,  L.     Pennsylvania  Persi- 
caria. 

In  moist  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Polygoimm  Persicaria,  L.     Ladies'  Thumb. 

Common    in  waste    places  from    the  Missouri  valley 
eastward,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Polyg'oimm  hyclropiper,  L.     Smart- weed. 

In  moist  places  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Polygonum  pimctatum,  Ell.     Water  Smart-weed. 
Polygonum  acre^  H.  B.  K. 

In  cold  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Polygonum  aviculare,  L.     Knot-grass. 
In  waste  ground  throughout  the  state. 

Polygouum  littorale,  Link.     Shore  Knot-weed. 
In  waste  places  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Polygonum  erectum,  L.     Erect  Knot- weed. 
In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Polygoimm  ramosissiiimm,  Michx.    Bushy  Knot- weed. 
A  common  weed  in  dry  soils,  throughout  the  state. 

Polygoimm  cainporum,  Meisu.     Prairie  Knot-weed. 
On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Polygoimm  temie,  Michx.     Slender  Knot- weed. 

In  ground   that  has   been   broken   from  the  Missouri 
river  eastward. 


138 

Polygoiiuiii  Douglassii,  Greene.     Douglas  Knot-weed. 

In  the  Black  Hills  and  near  Sand  Lake  in  the  James 
valley. 
Polygonuin  Convolvulus,  L.     Black  Bind -weed. 

A    most    troublesome    weed    in    cultivated    ground 
throughout  the  state. 

Polygonum  scandens,  L,.    Climbing  False  Buckwheat.. 
In  thickets  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Polygonum  Sawacheiise,  Small.     Western  Persicaria. 
Near  Custer,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

CHENOPODIACE^.—  The  Goosefoot  Family. 

Cheiiopodium  album,  L.     Lamb's-quarter.     Pigweed. 

A  weed  naturalized  in  waste   places  throughout  the 
state. 

Cheiiopodium  glaucum,  L.     Oak -leaved  Goosefoot. 

A  weed  naturalized;  it  prefers  low,  alkaline  soils;  in 
the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Chenopodium  leptophyllum,  (Moq,)  Nutt.       Narrow- 
leaved  Goosefoot. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Chenopodium    leptophyllum    oblongifolium,  Wats. 
The  Oblong-leaved  Chenopod. 

Near  the  Cheyenne  river,  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Cheiiopodium  Boscianum,  Moq.     Bosc's  Goosefoot. 
In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  region. 

Cheiiopodium  Fremontii,  S.  Wats.     Fremont's  Goose- 
foot. 

In  damp  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Cheiiopodium  Fremontii  iiicaimm,  S.  Wats. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Cheiiopodium  hybridum,  L.     Maple-leaved  Goosefoot. 

In  open  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and    Sioux  valleys, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 


139 

Cheiiopodium  rubrum,  L.     Red  Goosefoot. 

In    low,  alkaline   soils   in   the  Sioux,  Minnesota  and 
James  valleys. 

Blitum  capitatuin,  L.     Strawberry  Blight. 

Chenopodium  capitatum,  (L.)  Wats. 
In  the  BJack  Hills. 

Cycloma  atriplicifoliinii,  (Spreng.)  Coult.     Cycloma. 
Cycloma  plalyphyllum,  Moq. 

In  the  foot-hills  of  the  Black  Hills,  and  the  adjacent 
plains  region;  Rapid  City,  etc. 

Moiiolepos  Nuttaliana,  (R.  &  S.)  Greene.     Monolepis. 
Monolepis  chenopodioid.es,  Moq. 

In  alkaline  soils  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  from  there 
eastward  to  the  Missouri  river. 

Atriplex  hastata,  L.     Halbert-leaved  Orache. 

In  low,  alkaline  places  throughout  the  state. 

Atriplex  argentea,  Nutt.     Silver  Orache. 

In  alkaline  soils  from  the  Missouri  river  westward. 

Atriplex  canescens,  (Pursh.)  James.     Bushy  Atriplex. 

Abundant  in  alkaline  soils  from  the  Missouri  river 
westward;  not  yet  reported  from  the  Black  Hills. 

Eurotia  lauata,  (Pursh.)  Moq.     White  Sage. 

In  the  Bad  Lands,  just  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Corispermum  hysopifolium,  L,.     Bug-seed. 
In  the  Bad  Lands,  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Salicornia  herbacea,  L,.     Slender  Glasswort. 

In    low,  alkaline    meadows   in  the  Minnesota   region 
near  Wihnot,  and  in  the  James  valley  near  Iroquois. 

Doiidia  depressa,  (Pursh.)  Britton.     Western  Blight. 

In  alkaline  soils  with  the  last  throughout  the  state. 

Salsola  tragus,  L.     Russian  Thistle. 

In  waste  places  throughout  the  state,  but  most  abun- 
dant in  the  James  and   the  Missouri  valleys.     A  very 


140  \ 

troublesome  weed  in  waste  places,  but  easily  destroyed 
by  cultivation.  When  young  and  tender  it  is  readily 
eaten  by  sheep. 

AMARANTHACE^E. — Amaranth  Family. 

Amaraiithus  retroflexus,  L.     Rough  Pigweed. 

An  introduced  weed  in  waste  soil  throughout  the  state, 
but  not  common  in  the  central  and  western  part. 

Amaraiithus  hybridus,  L.     Slender  Pigweed. 

A  naturalized  weed  in  waste  places  from  the  Missouri 
river  eastward,  less  common  than  the  last. 

Amaraiithus  blitoides,  S.  Wats.    Prostrate  Amaranth. 

In  cultivated  and  waste  fields  from  the  Missouri  river 
eastward. 

Amaraiithus  grsecizaiis,  L.     Tumbleweed. 

A  common  weed  in  cultivated  ground  throughout  the 
state. 

Acnicla   tamariscina,   (Nutt.)   Wood.     Western    Water- 
hemp. 

Occasional   in   swamps   and   low    places,    which    ate 
somewhat  brackish,  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Aciiida    tamarascina   tnberculata,    (Moq.)   Uline   & 
Bray.     Tubercaled  Water-hemp. 
Same  range  as  the  last. 

NYCTAGINACE^E.— Four-o'clock  Family. 

Allioiiia   iiyctagiiiea,    Michx.     Heart-leaved    Umbrella- 
wort. 

In  thickets  throughout  the  state. 

Allioiiia  albicla,  Walt.     Pale  Umbrellawort. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Allioiiia  hirsuta,  Pursh.     Hairy  Umbrellawort. 
In  dry  soil  throughout  the  state. 


Allioiiia  liiiearis,  Pursh.     Narrow-leaved  Umbrellawort. 
In  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Abroiiia  fragraiis,  Nutt.     White  Abronia. 

In  the  Bad  Lands,  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

PORTULACACE^. — Purslane  Family. 

Taliiiuiu  teretifolium,  Pur-sh.     Fame-flower. 

On    dry,  rocky  hills   in    the    Sioux    valley  near    Dell 
Rapids,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Claytoiiia   perfoliata   amplecteus,   Greene.      Spanish 
Lettuce. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 

Portnlaca  oleracea,  L.     Pursley.     Purslane. 

An  introduced  weed  in  cultivated  grounds  throughout 
the  state. 

CARYOPHYLLACE^B. — The  Pink  Family. 

Sileiia  Noctiflora,  L.     Night-flowering  Catchfly. 

An   introduced   weed,  occutring  occasionally  in    the 
Sioux  valley. 

Lychiiiis  alba,  Mill.     White  Champion. 
Sparingly  introduced  near  Brookings. 

Lychiiiis  Dnuumoudii,  (Hook.)  S.  Wats.     Drummond's 
Pink. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  Custer  and  Rapid  City. 

Sapoiiaria  ofticiiialis,  L.     Soapwort,  Bouncing  Bet. 
Escaped  from  cultivation  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Vaccaria  vaccaria,  (L.)  Britton.     Cow-herd. 
Saponaria  vaccaria,  L. 

Occurs  occasionally  in  the  Sioux  and  Minnesota  val- 
leys, and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Alsiiie  media,  L.     Chick  weed. 
Stellaria  media,  Cyr. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley. 


142 

Alsiiie  loiigifolia,  (Muhl.)  Britton.     Long-leaved  Stitch- 
wort. 
Stellaria  longifolia,  Muhl. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valley,  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Alsiiie  borealis,  (Bigel.)  Britton.     Northern  Stitchwort 
Stellaria  borealis,  Bigel. 

In  cold  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  and  the  extreme  eastern 
part  of  the  Sioux  valley,  Elkton;  rare. 

Agrostemma  Githago,  L.     Corn  Cockle. 

In  grain  fields  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Silena  acaulis,  L.     Moss  Champion. 
In  the  Black  Hills,  Rapid  City. 

Silena  stellata,  (L,.)  Ait.    Starry  Champion. 

In  woods  in   the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley; 
Flandreau,  Sioux  Falls. 

Silena  vulgaris,  (Moench.)  Garcke.     Bladder  Champion. 

An  introduced  weed  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brook- 
ings. 

Sileiia  aiitirrhina,  L,.     Sleepy  Catchfly. 

Occasional  in  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux 
and  James  valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Cerastium  loiigipedunculatuin,  Muhl.     Powderhorn. 
Abundant  in  moist  shade  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Cerastium  brachypodium,  (Englm.)  Robinson.     Short- 
stalked  Chickweed. 

From  the  Missouri  river  eastward,  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Cerastium  arveiise,  L.     Field  Chickweed. 

Same  range  as  the  last,  but  more  abundant. 

Cerastiiim   arveiise   obloiiglfoliuiu,   (Torr.)   Holl.   & 
Brett. 

Occasional  in  the  Sioux,  the  James  valley,  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 


143 

Arenaria  Hookerii,  Nutt.     Hooker's  Sand  wort. 

In  dry,  rocky  soil  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  the  adjoin- 
ing hills  and  buttes. 

Arenaria  verna,  L.     Vernal  Sandwort. 

In  shady,  rocky  soil  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Arenaria  stricta,  Michx.     Rock  Sandwort. 
In  sandy  soil  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Mcehriiigia  lateriflora,  (L.)  Fenyl.     Blunt-leaved  Sand- 
wort. 
Arenaria  lateriflora^  L. 

In  rich,  shady  soil  in  the  Minnesota  valley,  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Spergula  arveiisis,  L.     Spurey. 

A  naturalized  weed,  sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux 
valley. 

Paronychia  Jamesii,  T.  &  G.     James'  Whitlow-wort. 

On  dry  soil  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  the  surrounding 
plains. 

NYMPHJSACE^. — Water  Lily  Family. 

]Nymph?ea  adveiia,  Soland.     Large  Yellow  Pond  Lily. 
Nuphar  advena,  R.  Br. 

In  ponds  and  streams  throughout  the  state,  except  in 
the  dryer  part  of  the  plains  region. 

Nymphaea  oclerata,  (Dryand.)  Woods   &  Wood.     Pond 

Lily. 

Quite  authentic  reports  have  been  received  of  the  oc- 
currence of  this  species  in  a  tributary  of  the  Sioux  river 
southeast  of  Brookings,  in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of 
the  state,  but  no  specimens  have  been  seen. 

CERATOPHYLLACE^. 

Ceratophyllum  demersum,  L.     Hornwort. 

One  of  the  most  abundant  plants  in  ponds,  lakes  and 
slow  streams,  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 


144 
RANUNCULACE^. — The  Crowfoot,  or  Buttercup  Family. 

Caltha  palustris,  L.     Marsh  Marigold. 

In    cold,   springy  swamps    and    low  meadows    in    the 
Minnesota  valley. 
Acttea  rubra,  (Ait.)  Willd.     Red  Baneberry. 

In  rich  woods  near  lakes  and  streams  in  the  Sioux 
valley,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Actsea  rubra  arguta,  (Nutt.)  Greene.  Western  Baneberry. 
Occurs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Actrea  alba,  (L.)  Mill.     White  Baneberry. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  with  the  last  species. 

Aquilegia  Caiiadeiisis,  L.     Wild  Columbine. 

On  damp,  shady  banks  in  the  vicinity  of  lakes  and 
streams  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  James,  and  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  Missouri  valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Aquilegia  Canadensis  formosa,  (Fisch.)  Cooper. 
Occurs  rarely  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Aquilegia  brevistyla,  Hook.    Small-flowered  Columbine. 
On  shady  banks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Delphinium  Caroliiiianum,  Walt.    Carolina  Larkspur. 
Common  in  open  ground  from  the  Missouri  eastward. 

Delphinium  bicolor,  Nutt.     Mewzie's  Larkspur. 
A  variable  species,  common  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Delphinium  urceolatum,  Jacq.     Tall  Larkspur. 

A   single   fragmentary  specimen  was   received    from 
x  Rapid  City  in  the  spring  of  1898,  which  is  very  doubt- 
fully referred  to  this  species. 

Acouitum  Fischeri,  Reich.  Fisher's  Monkshood.   Wolfs- 
bane. 

In  damp  ravines  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Anemone  Garoliniaua,  Walt.     Caroline  Anemone. 

On  prairies,  especially  in  low  places  from  the  Missouri 
eastward. 


H5 

Anemone  miiltifida,  Poir.     Red  Wind  Flower. 
Occurs  only  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Anemone  cyliiidrica,  A.  Gray.    Long-fruited  Anemone. 
On  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Anemone  virgiiiiaiia,  L.     Tall  Anemone. 

In  open  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Anemone  Caiiadeiisis,  L.     Canadian  Anemone. 

In  low  ground,  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  woods  or 
thickets,  from  the  Missouri  eastward. 

Pulsatilla     hirsutissima,     (Pursh.)     Britton.       Pasque 

Flower, 

Anemone  patens  Nutalliana,  DC. 

Throughout  the  state;  especially  abundant  on  sandy 
bluffs  and  hills  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward;  one 
of  the  earliest  flowers  that  blooms  on  the  open  prairie. 
Quite  severe  losses  occasionally  occur  to  the  sheep 
industry  by  the  formation  of  "hair  balls"  in  the  stomach 
of  sheep  which  have  eaten  too  greedily  of  this  plant. 
The  trouble  most  often  occurs  early  in  the  spring, 
before  the  grasses  have  made  much  growth. 

Clematis  Virgiiiiaiia,  L,.    Virginian  Virgin's  Bower. 

Along  streams  and  lakes  in  the  Sioux,  James  and 
Minnesota  valleys. 

Clematis  ligusticifblia,  Nutt.     Western  Virgin's  Bower. 
In  thickets  along  streams  from  the  Missouri  westward. 

Clematis  Scottii,  Porter.     Scott's  Clematis. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Clematis    alpiua   tenuiloba,  (Gray.)  Rydberg.     Alpine 
Clematis. 

Occurs  occasionally  in  canons  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Myosnriis  minimus,  L.     Mouse-tail. 

Occurs  in  low  places  in  several  localities  in  the  James 
river  valley,  from  the  central  part  of  the  state  south- 
ward; Kingsbury,  Miner  and  Aurora  counties. 


1 46 

Ranunculus  delphinifolius,  Torr.    Yellow  Water-crow- 
foot. 
Ranunculus  multifidus^  Pursh. 

In  ponds  and  streams  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Ranunculus  ovalis,  Raf.     Prairie  Crowfoot. 
Ranunculus  rhomboideus,  Goldie. 

On  prairies  and  banks  of  streams  throughout  the  state. 

Ranunculus  abortivus, .!,.     Kidney-leaved  Crowfoot. 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and   Sioux  valleys, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Ranunculus  sceleratus,  I/.     Celery-leaved  Crowfoot. 

In  the  Sioux,  the  Minnesota  and  the  southern  part  of 
the  James  valley,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus,  Lf.     Bristly  Buttercup. 

In  low,  wet  ground  in  the  Minnesota,  the  Sioux  and 
the  James  valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Ranunculus  Macounii,  Britton.    Macoun's  Buttercup. 

A  common  species  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James 
valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Ranunculus     pedatifidus     cardiophyllus,     (Hook.) 
Britton. 

Occurs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Ranunculus  septentrionalis,  Poir.     Swamp  Buttercup. 
Common  in  low,  wet  meadows  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys. 

Batrachium   divaricatum,  (Schrank.)   Wimm.     Water 
Crowfoot. 
Ranunculus  trichophyllus,  Chaix. 

Common  in  ponds  and  streams  throughout  the  state. 

Oxygraphis  cymbalaria,  (Pursh.)  Prantl.    Seaside  Crow- 
foot. 

Ranunculus  cymbalaria,  Pursh. 
In  sandy  soil  throughout  the  state. 


Thalictrum  cliocium,  L.     Early  Meadow  Rue. 

Occurs  occasionally  from  the  James  valley  eastward; 
Brown  and  Brookings  counties. 

Thalictrum  veimlosum,  Trelease.     Veiny  Meadow  Rue. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Thalictrum  occicleiitale,  Gray.     Western  Meadow  Rue. 
Dr.  Rydberg  is  not  quite  certain  of  his  identification 
of  this^pecies,  as  he  was  unable  to  obtain  fruit. 

Thalictrum  purpursisceiis,  L,.    Purplish  Meadow  Rue. 
In  thickets  and  woods  throughout  the  state. 

BERBERIDACE^. — Barberry  Family. 

Berberis  aqiiifolium,  Pursh.     Trailing  Mahonia. 
Berber  is  repens,  Lindl. 

A  trailing  shrub,  common  in  canons  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Caulophyllum  thalictroides,  (I/.)  Michx.    Blue  Cohosh. 
In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  region. 

MENISPERMACE.E. — Moonseed  Family. 

Meiiisperiiium  Caiiadense,  L.     Canada  Moonseed. 

In  woods  and  thickets  along  streams  from  thePMis- 
souri  eastward. 

PAPAVERACE^;. — Poppy  Family. 

Argemoue  alba,  Lestib.     White  Prickly  Poppy. 

In  draws  and  on  open  plains  in  the  foot-hills  to  the 
Black  Hills,  and  ranging  eastward  nearly  to  the  Missouri 
river. 

Saiiguiiiaria  cauacleiisis,  L.     Bloodroot. 

In  damp,  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  region. 

Bicuculla  cucullaria,  (L.)  Millsp.    Dutchman's  Breeches. 
Dicentra  cucullaria,  DC. 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 


148 

Capiioides  aiireum,  (Willd.)  Kuntze.     Golden  Corydalis. 

Corydalis  aurea,  Willd.. 
In  light  soil  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and 

in  the  Black  Hills.     It  was  collected  along  a  railroad 

embankment,  and  was  possibly  introduced  from  farther 

east. 
Capnoidea    curvisiliquin,    (Englm.)    Kuntze.      Curved- 

fruited  Corydalis. 

Corydalis  curvisiliqua,  Englm. 
Common  in  the  Black  Hills. 


.—  Mustard  Family. 

Stanleya  piunata,  (Pursh.)  Britton.     Stanleya. 
On  dry  prairies  in  the  Black  Hills  region. 
Lepidium  virgiiiicum,  L.     Wild  Pepper-grass. 

A  weed  in  fields  and  roadsides  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys. 

Lepidium  apetalum,  Willd.     Apetalous  Pepper-grass. 
Lepidium  intermedium,  Gray. 

A  very  abundant  weed  in  cultivated  fields  and  waste 
places  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 
Lepidium  iiicisuiii,  Roth.     Cut-leaved  Pepper-grass. 
Occurs  rarely  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Thalaspi  arveiise,  L.     Field  Pepper-grass. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Sioux 
Falls.  Doubtless  introduced  from  Manitoba,  where  it  is 
a  troublesome  weed. 

Sisymbrium  oflicinale,  (L.)  Scop.     Hedge  Mustard. 

A  common  weed  in  waste  places  from  the  Missouri 
river  eastward. 

Sisymbrium  altissimum,  L.     Tumbling  Mustard. 

A  common  and  troublesome  weed  in  the  Minnesota 
valley,  doubtless  introduced  from  Assinoboia. 
BraHHica  iiigra,  (L.)  Kocb.     Black  Mustard. 

A  common  introduced  weed  in  waste  places. 


Brassica  arveusis,  (L.)  B.  S.  P.     Wild  Mustard. 
Brassica  sinapistrum,  Bois. 

A  troublesome  weed  in  cultivated  fields  throughout 
the  state,  but  more  abundant  in  the  eastern  part.  It  is 
much  more  abundant  and  harder  to  eradicate  in  the  bot- 
tom lands. 

Sinapsis  alba,  L.     White  Mustard. 
Brassica  alba,  Bois. 

A  weed  in  cultivated  and  waste  places  throughout  the 
state. 

Roripa    siiiiata,    (Nutt.)    A.    S.    Hitchcock.      Spreading 
Yellow-cress. 

Occasional  in  low  places  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

Koripa  palustris,  (I,.)  Bess.     Marsh  Water-cress. 
Nasturtium  palustris,  DC. 

In  low,  wet  places  throughout  the  state. 

Roripa  hispicla,  (Desv.)  Britton.     Hispid  Yellow-cress. 
Nasturtium  hispidium,  DC. 

Occasional  in  low  places  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

Roripa  nasturtium,  (L.)  Rusby.     Water-cress. 
Nasturtium  officinale,  R.  Br. 

Naturalized  near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Roripa  armoracia,  (L,.)  A.  S.  Hitchcock's  Horseradish. 
•Nasturtium  armoracia,  Fries. 

Sparingly  introduced  into  the  Sioux  valley. 

Carclamine  bulbosa,  (Schreb.)  B.  S.  P.    Bulbous  Cress. 
Cardamine  rhomboida,  DC. 

In  shallow  water  and  low  meadows  in  the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys. 

Carclamine  rotimclifolia,  Michx.    American  Water-cress. 
In  cold,  springy  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  region. 


150 

Carclaiiiiiie  prateiisis,  (L  )     Cuckoo-flower. 

Specimens  collected  in  the  cold  spring  swamp  near 
Lake  Traverse  in  the  Minnesota  region,  one  doubtfully 
referred  to  this  species. 

Physaria  diclymocarpa,  (Hook.)  Gray.    Double  Bladder- 
pod. 

On  the  dry  plains  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Lesquerella  Spathulata,  Rydberg.     Low  Bladder-pod. 

On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  surrounding 
plains. 

Lesquerella  argentia  areiiosa,  (Richards.)  Wats.     Sil- 
very Bladder-pod. 
Vesicaria  arenosa,  Richards. 
In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent  plains. 

Bursa  Bursa-pastoris,  (L.)  Britton.     Shepard's  Purse. 
Capsella  Bursa-pastoris,  Medic. 

Sparingly  introduced  from  the  Missouri  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Camelina  saliva,  (L.)    -False  Flax. 

Occasional  in  flax  fields  and  waste  places  in  the  Sioux 
valley  and  the  Black  Hills. 

Draba  Caroliiiiaiia,  Walt.     Carolina  Whitlow-grass. 

On  dry,  sandy  knolls  from  the  James  valley  westward. 

Draba  Caroliiiiana  micrantha,  (Mott.)     Gray. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Draba  nemorasa,  L.     Wood  Whitlow-grass. 

Occasional  on  sandy  knolls  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Draba  aurea,  Vahl.     Golden  Whitlow-grass. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Sophia  iiiHsa,  (Engelm.)  Greene.     Western  Tansy  Mus- 
tard. 

Sisymbrium  incisum,  Engelm. 
Occasional  throughout  the  state. 


Sophia  Hartwegiana,  (Fourn.)  Greene.    Hastings'  Tansy 
Mustard. 
Sisymbrium  Hartwegianum,  Fourn. 

Common  in  dry  soil  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Arabis  hirsuta,  (I/.)  Scop.     Hairy  Rock-cress. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  val- 
leys and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Arabis  Cauacleiisis,  L,.     Sickle-pod. 

In  open  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Arabis  brachycarpa,  (T.  &  G.)  Britton.     Purple  Rock- 
cress. 
In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Arabis  glabra,  (L.)  Bernh.     Tower  Mustard. 
Arabis  perfoliata,  L. 

Occasional  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Arabis  Horboellii,  Hormen.     Horboell's  Rock-cress. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Erysimum  cheiraiithoides,  (I,.)     Treachle  Mustard. 

In  thickets  in  the  vicinity  of  streams  in  the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Erysmium    iiicoiispicuum,   (S.    Wats.)   MacM.     Small 
Erysimum. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  and  the  Black  Hills;  not  common. 

Erysimum  Syrticolum,  Sheldon.     Sand  Erysimum. 
In  the  Minnesota  region,  near  Bigstone  lake. 

Erysimum  asperum,  DC.     Western  Wall-flower. 
On  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Matthiola  feiiestralis,  Stock. 

There  is  a  single  specimen  in  the  herbarium  from 
Spring  lake,  Walworth  county,  with  no  note  as  to  the 
extent  to  which  it  has  become  naturalized. 


152 

Coriiigia  orient-alls,  (L.)  Dumort.    Hare's-ear  Mustard. 

Sparingly  introduced    from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward, becoming  troublesome  in  some  localities. 

CAPPARIDACE/E. — Caper  Family. 

Cleoma  serrulata,  Pursh.     Pink  Cleome. 
Cleoma  integifolia,  T.  &  G. 
From  the  Missouri  valley  westward;  not  abundant. 

Polaiiisia  trachysperma,  T.  &  G.     Clammy  Weed. 

On  sandy  and  gravelly  shores  throughout  the  state. 

CRASSULACE^E. — Orpine  Family. 

Sedum  stenopetalum,  Pursh.     Western  Stone  Crop. 
On  dry,  rocky  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Penthorum  sedoides,  L.     Virginian  Stone  Crop. 

Along  and   in  streams  in   the   Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys;  abundant. 

SAXIFRAGACE^S. — Saxifrage  Family. 

Saxifraga  cernua,  L.     Nodding  Saxifrage. 
Near  Sylvan  lake,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Heuchera  hispida,  Pursh.    Rough  Heuchera,  Alum-root. 
In  thickets  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Heuchera  parviflora,  Nutt.    Small  Flowered  Alum-root. 
Near  Rockford  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Parnassia  Caroliniana,  Michx.     Grass  of  Parnassus. 

In  cold  swamps   in   the  Minnesota  region,  and  one 
station,  near  Elkton,  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Pariiassia  parviflora,  DC.    Small-flowered  Grass  ot  Par- 
nassus. 

In  cold  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 


153 

Tellima  parviflora,  Hook.     Small-flowered  Tellinia. 
Iti  the  Black  Hills,  rare. 

GROSSULARIACE^S. — Gooseberry  Family. 

Kibes  gracile,  Michx.     Missouri  Gooseberry. 

Common  in  woods  and  thickets  from  the  Missouri  val- 
ley eastward. 

Kibes  oxycaiithoicles,  L,      Northern  Gooseberry. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Kibes  lacustre,  (Pers.)  Poir.     Swamp  Gooseberry. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Kibes  Setosum,  Lindl.     Bristly  Gooseberry. 

Common  in  the  Black  Hills  and  along  streams  in  the 
adjoining  plains. 

Kiber  floridum,  L'Her.     Wild  Black  Currant. 

Very  common  along  streams  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

Kibes  cereum,  Dougl.     Squaw  Currant. 

Common  in  the  "draws"  and  canons  in  the  Black 
Hills  and  the  adjacent  plains.  Doubtless  extending 
eastward  nearly  to  the  Missouri  river. 

Kibes  aureum,  Pursh.     Golden  or  Buffalo  Currant. 

In  thickets  and  along  streams  from  the  Missouri  val- 
ley westward. 

ROSACE^. — Rose  Family. 

Opulaster  opulifolius,  (L.)  Kuntze.     Ninebark. 
Common  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Opulaster  moiiogyna,  (Torr.)  Kuntze.     Small-flowered 
Ninebark. 

In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent  plains. 


Spiraea  salicifolia,  L,.     Willow-leaved  Meadowsweet. 

In  moist  ground  in  the  Minnesota  valley,  and  in  the 
Sioux  valley  near  Sioux  Falls. 

Spiraea  lucida,  Dougl.     Corymbed  Spiraea. 
Spir&a  betulifolia,  Hook. 

On  banks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Luetkea  ca^spetosa,   (Nutt.)  Kuntze.     Tufted  Meadow- 
sweet. 

Spirtza  ccespitosa,  Nutt. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Rulms  parviflorus,  Nutt.     Salmon-berry. 
Rubus  nutkanus,  Mocino. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Rulms  strigosus,  Michx.     Red  Raspberry. 

Along  streams  and  in  rocky  places  throughout  the 
state. 

Kulms  occideiitalis,  I/.     Black  Raspberry. 

From  the  Missouri  river  eastward.  In  general  it  is  not 
as  common  as  the  last,  especially  rare  in  the  Missouri 
valley. 

Rubus  Americanus,  (Pers.)  Britton.     Dwarf  Raspberry. 
Rubus  triflorus,  Richards. 

In  cold  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  region  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Fragaria  Virginian  a,  Duchesne.     Strawberry. 

In  rather  low  ground  throughout  the  state,  but  not 
abundant. 

Fragaria   Americana,  (Porter.)   Britton.     Wood   Straw- 
berry.    Indian  Strawberry. 
Fragaria  Vesca  Americana,  Porter. 

In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  region,  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Potentilla  arguta,  Pursh.     Tall  Cinquefoil. 
On  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 


155 

Poteiitilla  iiivea  dissecta,  Wats.     Snowy  Cinquefoil. 

A  rare  plant,  occurring  in  the  Black  Hills  near  Hot 
Springs. 

Potentilla  Moiispeliensis,  Iy.     Rough  Cinquefoil. 
Potentilla  Norvegica,  I,. 

In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Potentilla  leucocarpa,  Rydberg.     Diffuse  Cinquefoil. 
Potentilla  rival-is  millegrama,  S.  Wats. 
In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  Sioux  valley. 

Potentilla  paracloxa,  Nutt.     Bushy  Cinquefoil. 
Potentilla  supina,  Michx. 

In  sandy  soil  throughout  the  state;  not  abundant. 

Potentilla  Hippiaiia,  I,ehm.     Woolly  Cinquefoil. 
Occurs  only  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  hippiana  diffusa,  (Gray.)  Lehm. 
Occurs  with  the  type  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  Peimsylvanica,  L.     Prairie  Cinquefoil. 

On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  fruiticosa,  L.     Shrubby  Cinquefoil. 
In  moist,  rocky  places  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  aiiseriiia,  L.     Silver-weed. 

In  alkaline  places  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Potentilla  glaiidulosa,  Lindl.     Glandular  Cinquefoil. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  gracilis,  Dougl.     Slender  Cinquefoil. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  gracilis  fastigiata,  (Nutt.)  Wats. 
Near  Rockford  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  conciiiiia,  Richards.     Elegant  Cinquefoil. 
Near  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Potentilla  coiiciima  humistrata,  Ryd. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  in  the  vicinity  of  Deadwood. 


156 

Geum  ciliatiim,  Pursh.     Long-plumed  Purple  Avens. 
Geum  triflorum,  Pursh. 
On  prairies  and  in  thickets  throughout  the  state. 

(M- n in  Caiiacleusis,  Jacq.     White  Avens. 

In  woods  and  thickets  from  the  Missouri  river  east- 
ward. 

Geum  Virgiiiiaimiii,  L.     Rough  Avens. 

In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Geum  Macrophylliim,  Willd.     Large-leaved  Avens. 
Near  Rockford  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Geum  strictum,  Ait.     Yellow  Avens. 
Occasional  throughout  the  state. 

Cercocarpus  parvifolius,  H.  &  A.     Small-leaved  cerco- 
carpus. 

On  dry,  rocky  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Agromiiiia  hirsuta,  (Muhl.)  Becknell.    Hairy  Agrimonia. 
Agrimonia  eupatoria  kirsuta,  Muhl. 

In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  James  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Agrimonia  parviflora,   Soland.      Many-flowered    Agri- 
monia. 

Occasional  in  woods  and  thickets  in   the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Rosa  blaiula,  Ait.     Meadow  Rose. 

In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 
Rosa  acicularis.     Prickly  Rose. 

Abundant  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Rosa  woodesii,  Lindl.     Wood  Rose. 

From  the  James  valley  westward,  common  only  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

POMACE^.— Apple  Family. 

Sorlms  sarnlmcifolia,  (C.  &  S.)  Roem.     Western   Moun- 
tain Ash. 


157 

Pyrus  sambuci folia,  C.  &.  S. 

Doubtfully  reported  by  Dr.  Rydberg  as  occurring  near 
Sturgis  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Anielanchier  Canadensis,  (L,. )  Media.    June  Berry,  Ser- 
vice Berry. 

Along  the  Sioux  river  near  Sioux  Falls. 
Anielanchier   rotunclifolia,   (Michx.)  Roem.      Round- 
leaved  June  Berry. 
Amelanchiey  Canadensis  rotundifolia,  T.  &  G. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys.     , 

Amelanchier  aluifolia,  Nutt.     Northwestern  June  Berry. 
Amelanchier  Canadensis  alnifolia,  T.  &  G. 

In  thickets  and  on  dry  knolls  from  the  James  valley 
westward;  common. 

Crataegus   macracaiitha,  Lodd.     I/ong  Spined   Thorn- 
apple. 
Cratcegus  coccinea  macracantha,  Dudley. 

Common    in    thickets    in    the    Minnesota,  Sioux  and 
James  valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Cratsegus  mollis,  (T.  &  G.)  Scheele.    Red-fruited  Thorn. 
Crattzgus  tomentora  mollis,  Gray. 

Occasional  in  thickets  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and 
James  valleys. 

DRUPACE^;. — Plum  Family. 

Primus  Americana,  Marsh.     Wild  Plum. 

Very  abundant  in  thickets  in  the  vicinity  of  lakes  and 
streams  throughout  the  state. 
Primus  Besseyi,  Bailey.     Western  Sand  Cherry. 

On  bluffs  and  banks  of  streams  from  the  James  valley 
westward. 

Primus  Peimsylvaiiica,  L.  F.     Pin  Cherry  or  Wild  Red 
Cherry. 

This  species  has  only  been  reported  from  the  Black 
Hills. 


Primus  Virginiana,  L.     Choke  Cherry. 

Along  streams  and  lakes  throughout  the  state. 

Primus  demissa,  (Nutt.)  Walp.     Western  Wild  Cherry. 
Along  streams  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Prunus  serotiiia,  Ehrh.     Black  Cherry. 

Rare  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

MIMOSACE^;.  —  Mimosa  Family. 

Acuaii  Illiiioensis,  (Michx.)  Kuntze. 
Desmanthus  brachylobus,  Benth  . 

On  sandy  or  rocky  banks  of  streams  and  lakes;  occa- 
sional in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Morongia  uncinata,  (Willd.)  Britton*     Sensitive-brier. 
Schrankia  uncinala,  Willd. 

In  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 


.—  Senna  Family. 

Cercis  Canadensis,  L.     Red  -bud. 

This  species  is  reported  by  Engelman  to  be  found  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sioux  river.  It  has  not  yet  been  col- 
lected there  or  elsewhere  in  the  state.  If  it  reaches  our 
southeastern  limit  it  must  be  quite  rare. 

Cassia  chamaecrista,  L.     Sensitive  Pea. 

Jn  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys, 
near  Sioux  Falls,  Elk  Point  and  Yankton. 

Crleditsia  triacanthos,  L.     Sweet  Locust. 

Along  the  Sioux  river  in  the  extreme  southeastern 
county,  Union  county. 

Oymnocladus  dioica,  (L  )  Koch.     Kentucky  Coffee-tree. 
Along   the   Missouri   river  in   the  two  southeastern 
counties,  Clay  and  Union. 

PAPILUONACE^E.  —  Pea  Family. 

Sophora  sericea,  Nutt.     Silky  Sophora. 

On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 


Thermopsis    rhoiubifolia,    (Nutt.)     Richards.     Prairie 
Thermopsis. 

On  banks  and  in  draws  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 

Crotalaria  sagitalis,  L.     Rattle-box. 

On  prairies  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  east  of 
the  Missouri  river;  Union,  Clay,  Yankton  and  Charles 
Mix  counties. 

Lupiims  sericeus,  Pursh.     Woolly  Lupine. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Lupiiius  parviflorus,  Nutt.     Small-flowered  Lupine. 
Common  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Lupiims  pusillus,  Pursh.     Low  Lupine. 

Common  on  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley 
westward. 

Melilotus  alba,  Desv.     White  Sweet  Clover. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and 
James  valleys. 

Melilotus  officinalis,  (L.)  Lam.    Sweet  Yellow  Clover. 

Escaped  from  cultivation  in  the  Sioux  valley  near 
Brookings. 

Trifolium  procumbens,  L.     Low  Hop  Clover. 
Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Trifolium  stoloiiiferum,  Muhl.    Running  Buffalo  Clover. 
In  low  prairies  and  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys;  introduced. 

Trifolium  Beckwitbii,  Brewer.     Beckwith's  Clover. 

Very  abundant  around  swails  and  in  low  meadows  in 
the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys.  Our  only  native 
clover. 

Trifolium  repens,  (L.)    White  Clover. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 


i6o 

Trifoliuiii  pratense,  L.     Red  Clover. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys. 

Lotus   Americanus,  (Nutt.)   Bisch.     Prairie   Bird's-foot 
Trefoil. 
Hosackia  purshiana,  Benth. 

On  low,  sandy  land,  mostly  in  the  vicinity  of  streams, 
locally  very  abundant;  it  is  the  most  nutritious  of  all  our 
native  forage  crops.  In  cultivation,  however,  its  growth 
is  uncertain.  The  name  of  "  Dakota  Vetch  "  has  been 
applied  to  it  by  J.  G.  Smith. 
Psoralea  tenuiflora,  Pursh.  Few-flowered  Psoralea. 

Common  in  dry  soils  from  the   Missouri   river  valley 
westward. 
Psoralea  digitata,  Nutt.     Digitate  Psoralea. 

Occasional  in  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  river  west- 
ward. 
Psoralea  argophylla,  Pursh.     Silver-leaf  Psoralea. 

Very  abundant  throughont  the  state. 
Psoralea  cuspidata,  Pursh.     Large-bracted  Psoralea. 

Common  on  dry  hills  and  banks  from  the  Missouri 
valley  westward. 

Psoralea   esculeiita,   Pursh.     Prairie    Turnip,    "  Indian 
Turnip." 

On  sandy  knolls  throughout  the  state;  common. 
Psoralea  lanceolata,  Pursh,     Lance-leaved  Psoralea. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley;  uncommon. 
Amorpha  fruticosa,  L.     False  Indigo.     Lead  Plant. 
Bordering  streams  and  lakes  throughout  the  state. 
Amorpha  liana,  Nutt.     Fragrant  False  Indigo. 
Amorpha  microphylla,  Pursh. 

On  banks  and  prairies  from  the  James  valley  west- 
ward to  the  Black  Hills;  also  reported  from  Sioux  Falls 
in  the  Sioux  valley;  more  abundant  from  the  Missouri 
river  westward. 


Amorpha  eanesceiis,  Pursh.     Shoe-strings.     Lead-Plant. 

Very  abundant  on  prairies  throughout  the  stale. 
Parosela  eimeandra,  (Nutt.)  Britton.    Slender  Parosela. 
Dalea  laxiflora,  Pursh. 

Common  from  the  Missouri  valley  to  the  Black  Hills. 
Parosela  dalea,  (L.)  Britton.     Pink  Parosela. 
Dalea  alopecuroides,  Willd. 

In  sandy  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward; 
occasional  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys;  common 
in  the  Missouri  valley. 

Parosela  aurea,  (Nutt.)  Britton.     Golden  Parosela. 
Dalea  aurea,  (Nutt.) 

On  bluffs  and  loose  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley 
westward. 

Kuhnistera   Candida,  (Willd.)   Kuntze.     White   Prairie 
Clover. 
Petalstemon  candidus,  Michx. 

Very  common  on  prairies  throughout  the  state. 
Kuhnistera  compacta,  (Spreng.)  Kuntze.  Dense-flowered 
Prairie  Clover. 
Petalstemon  compacta,  Swezey. 

Occasional  on  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley 
westward. 

Kuhnistera  purpurea,  (Vent.)    MacM.     Violet    Prairie 
Clover. 
Petalstemon  violaceus,  Michx. 

Common  throughout  the  state;  especially  abundant  in 
sandy  or  gravelly  soils. 

Kuhnistera    villosa,    (Nutt.)     Kuntze.       Hairy    Prairie 
Clover. 
Petalstemon  villosus,  Nutt. 

In  the  Bad  Lands,  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 
Astragalus  crassicarpus,  Nutt.      Buffalo  Pea,  Ground 
Plum. 
Astragalus  caryocarpus,  Ker. 

Very  common  on  prairies  throughout  the  state. 


162 

Astragalus  Mexicanus,  DC.     Larger  Ground  Plum. 

In  the  Sioux  valley,  near  Brookings. 
Astragalus  Plattensis,  Nutt.     Platte  Milk  Vetch. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  near  Sioux  Falls,  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Astragalus  Caroliiiianus,  L.     Carolina  Milk  Vetch. 
Astragalus  Canadensis,  I/. 

In  sandy  soil  and  waste  places  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Astragalus  adsurgens,  Pall.     Ascending  Milk  Vetch. 
On  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Astragalus  hypoglottis,  I/.     Cock's-head. 

Abundant  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Astragalus   Drummondii,  Dougl.     Drurnmond's    Milk 
Vetch. 

In  the  Black  Hills,  near  Hot  Springs. 

Astragalus  racemosus,  Pursh.     Racemose  Milk  Vetch. 

Abundant  in  heavy  soils  from  the  Missouri  river  west- 
ward; occasional  in  the  James  valley. 

Astragalus  Msulcatus,   (Hook.)  Gray.     Grooved    Milk 
Vetch. 

In  the  foot-hills  of  the  Black  Hills,  and  in  the  adjoin- 
ing plains. 

Astragalus  lotiflorus,  Hook.     I^ow  Milk  Vetch. 

In  the  Black  Hills  and  on  the  adjoining  plains. 
Astragalus  Missouriensis,  Nutt.     Missouri  Milk  Vetch. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  westward;  common  on  dry 
banks  and  hills. 

Astragalus  gracilis,  Nutt.     Slender  Milk  Vetch. 

In  dry  ground  in  the  Minnesota  region,  and  near  Hot 
Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Astragalus  microlobus,  Gray.     Notched  Milk  Vetch. 

Common  in  the  Black  Hills. 


'63 

Astragalus    flexuosus,    (Hook.)    Dougl.       Flexile   Milk 
Vetch. 

On  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Astragalus  aboriginum,  Richards.     Indian  Milk  Vetch. 
Near  Deadwood,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Astragalus  aboriginuin  glaberiusculus,  (Hook.)  Ryd- 
berg.     Indian  Milk  Vetch. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Astragalus  alpiims,  L.     Alpine  Milk  Vetch. 
In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Astragalus  coiivallarius,  Greene. 

Near  Bull  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Phaca  Americana,  (Hook.)  Rydberg.   Arctic  Milk  Vetch. 
Phaca  frigida  Americana,  Hook. 

On  low  ground  in  thickets  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the 
adjacent  plains. 

Homalobus   teiiellus,  (Pursh.)  Britton.     Loose-flowered 
Milk  Vetch. 
Astragalus  tenellus,  Pursh. 

Homalobus  moutanus,  (Nutt.)  Britton.     Prickly  Milk 
Vetch. 
Astragalus  Kentrophyta,  A.  Gray. 

In  the  Bad  Land  region,  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Homalobus  csespitosus,  Nutt.     Tufted  Milk  Vetch. 
Astragalus  c&spitosus,  A.  Gray. 

In  dry  soils  in  the   Black   Hills,  and   in  the  adjacent 
plains  region. 

Orophaca   csespitosa,  (Nutt.)   Britton.     Sessile -flowered 
Milk  Vetch. 
Astragalus  ccespitosa,  Nutt. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  river  westward. 

Spiesia  Lamberti,  (Pursh.)  Kuntze.     Loco- weed. 
Oxytropis  Lamberti,  Pursh. 
Abundant  on  high  ground  throughout  the  state. 


164 

Spiesia  Lambert!  sericea,  (Nutt.)  Rydberg. 
Oxytropus  sericea,  Nutt. 

Throughout  the  s^ate,  but  more  abundant  from  the 
Missouri  valley  westward. 
Spiesia  viscida,  (Nutt.)  Kuntze.     Viscid  Loco- weed. 

Common  near  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Glycyrrhiza   lepidota,  Pursh.     Wild   Licorice.     Buffalo 
Burr. 
Very  abundant  in  low  ground  throughout  the  state. 

Hedysarum    Americaimm,   (Michx.)    Britton.     Hedy- 
sarum. 

In  the  Black  Hills  near  Rockford. 

Meibomia   grandiflora,   (Walt.)   Kuntze.     Broad-leaved 
Tick-trefoil. 
Desmodium  acuminatum,  Michx. 

In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  up 
the  Missouri  valley  to  Yankton. 

Meibomia  Illinoensis,  (A.  Gray.)  Kuntze.    Illinois  Tick- 
trefoil. 
Desmodium  Illinoense,  A.  Gray. 

Common  in  thickets  and  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota 
valley. 

Lespedeza  capitata,  Michx.  Round-headed  Bush  Clover. 
In  low,  sandy  soil  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux 
valley;  Sioux  Falls  and  Elk  Point;  up  the  Missouri  to 
Yankton. 

Vicia  Americana,  Muhl.     American  Vetch. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and   Sioux 
valleys  and  the  Black  Hills. 
Vicia  Americana  truiicata,  (Nutt.)  Brewer. 
Vicia  truncata,  Nutt. 

In  or  near  low  ground  throughout  the  state. 
Vicia  liiiearis,  (Nutt.)  Greene.     Narrow-leaved  Vetch. 
Vicia  Americana  linearis,  S.  Wats. 
Common  on  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 


Vicia  sativa,  L.     Vetch.     Tare. 

Introduced  into  waste  or  cultivated  fields  in  the  Sioux 
valley. 

Lathyrus  venosus,  Muhl.     Veiny  Pea,  Wild  Pea. 

On  shady  banks  of  streams  and  lakes  in  the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys. 

Luthyrus  palustris,  L.     Marsh  Vetchling. 

In  low,  moist  ground  from  the  Missouri  river  eastward. 

Lathyrus  ornatus,  Nutt.     Showy  Vetchling. 

On  banks  and  bluffs  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 

Lathyrus  ochroleucus,  Hook.    Cream-colored  Vetchling. 
Abundant  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Falcata  comosa,  (L.)  Kuntze.     Hog  Peanut. 
Amphicarpa  monoica,  Ell. 

Near  Rapid  City  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Falcata   Pitcheri,   (T.   &   G.)  Kuntze.      Pitcher's   Hog 
Peanut. 
Amphicarpa  Pitcheri,  T.  &  G, 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Apois  apois,  (L.)  McM.     Groundnut. 
Apois  tuberosa,  Moench. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys. 

Strophostyles  helvola,  (L.)  Britton.  Trailing  Wild  Bean. 
Strophostyles  angulosa,  Ell. 

On  shady  banks  of  streams  and  lakes  from  the  Mis- 
souri valley  eastward;  not  common. 

Strophostyles    pauciflora,   (Benth.)    S.    Wats.     Small 
Wild  Bean. 

On   banks   of  streams   and   lakes  in  the  Minnesota, 
Sioux  and  James  valleys. 


1 66 
GERANIACE^E. — Geranium  Family. 

Geranium  columbiiium,  L.     Long-stalked  Crane's  Bill. 
In  the  southern  part  of  the  Missouri  valley;  Charles 
Mix  county. 

Geranium  Carolinianuni,  L.     Carolina  Crane's  Bill. 

In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  southern  part  of  the  Mis- 
souri valley. 

Geranium  dissectum,  L.     Cut-leaved  Crane's  Bill.  . 

A  native  of  Europe;  near  Rapid  City  in  the    Black 
Hills;  rare. 

Geranium   Ricliardsonii,  Fisch.  &   Meyers.     Richard- 
son's Crane's  Bill. 

The  common  species  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Geranium   viscosissimum,  Fisch.    &    Meyers.     Viscid 
Crane's  Bill. 

Occasional  in  the  Black  Hills. 

OXAUDACE^E. — Wood -sorrel  Family. 

Oxalis  violacea,  L.     Violet  Wood -sorrel. 

In  low  places  in  thickets  and   in  open  prairies  in  the 
Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Oxalis  stricta,  L.     Upright  Yellow  Wood-sorrel. 

In  thickets  and  on  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

LINAGE^.— Flax  Family. 

Li  mi  in  Lewis!!,  Pursh.     Lewis'  Wild  Flax. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Li M inn  sulcatum,  Riddell.     Grooved  Yellow  Flax. 

In  dry  soil  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Li  it  ii  in  rigidum,  Pursh.     Large-flowered  Yellow  Flax. 
Common  on  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 


i67 
RUTACE^. — Rue  Family. 

Xiiuthoxylum  Americaiium,  Mill.     Prickly  Ash. 

In  woods  along  streams  and  bordering  lakes  from  the 
Missouri  valley  eastward. 

POLYGALACE^E.— Milkwort  Family. 

Polygala  verticillata,  L.     Whorled  Milkwort. 
On  bluffs  and  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Polygala  senega  latifolia,  T.  &  G. 

Common  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Polygala  alba,  Nutt.     White  Milkwort. 

Common  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

EUPHORBIACE^. — Spurge  Family. 

Crotoii  Texeiisis,  (Klotzsch.)  Muell.     Texas  Croton. 

Common  in  dry,  sandy  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley 
westward. 

Euphorbia  petaloidea,  Engelm.  White-flowered  Spurge. 
In  sandy  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward   to 
the  Black  Hills. 

Euphorbia  Geyeri,  Engelm.  &  Gray.     Geyer's  Spuige. 
In  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Euphorbia  serpyllifolia,  Pers.     Thyme-leaved  Spurge. 
Common  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  and  James  valleys. 

Euphorbia  serpens,  H.  B.  K.     Round-leaved  Spurge. 

In  the  southern  Missouri  valley;  Charles  Mix  county. 

Euphorbia     Glyptosperma,     Engelm.        Ridge-seeded 
Spurge. 

In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state;  the  most  common 
species. 

Euphorbia  maculata,  L.     Milk  Purslane. 
In  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 


1 68 

Euphorbia  stictospora,  Engelm.    Narrow-seeded  Spurge. 
Common  in  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 

Euphorbia  imtaiis,  Lag.     Upright  Spotted  Spurge. 
Euphorbia  preslii,  Guss. 

In  the  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri  valleys,  especially 
the  eastern  part. 

Euphorbia  hexagoiia,  Nutt.     Angled  Spurge. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Euphorbia  marginata,  Pursh.    White  Margined  Spurge. 
Along  the  Missouri  river  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
state  and  thence  westward. 

Euphorbia  dentata,  Michx.     Toothed  Spurge. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  Missouri  valley,  Charles 
Mix  county,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Euphorbia  heterophylla,  L.     Various-leaved  Spurge. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  and  Missouri  val- 
leys; near  Sioux  Falls,  Yankton  and  Running  Water. 

Euphorbia  dictyosporma,  F.  &  M.     Reticulate-seeded 
Spurge. 

In  the  James  valley  near  Aberdeen,  and  from  thence 
westward. 

Euphorbia  robusta,  (Engelm.)  Small.     Rocky  Mountain 
Spurge. 
Euphorbia  mountain  robusta,  Engelm. 

Along  the  Cheyenne  river  and  in  the  Black   Hills; 
probably  ranging  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

CALUTRICHACE^E. — Water  Starwort  Family. 

Callitriche  palustris,  L.     Water  Fennel. 

Common  in  clear,  cold  streams  throughout  the  state. 

Callitriche  biflda,  (L.)  Morong.     Autumnal  Starwort. 
Callitriche  autumnalis,  L,. 
In  running  water  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 


169 
ANACARDIACE^. — Sumac  Family. 

Rims  hirta,  (L.)  Sndw.     Staghorn  Sumac. 
Rhus  typhina^  L. 

Collected  but  once  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Missouri 
valley,  in  Charles  Mix  county. 

Rhus  glabra,  L.     Smooth  Sumac. 

Common  on  bluffs  and  banks  of  streams  from  the  Mis- 
souri valley  eastward,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Rims  trilobata,  Nutt.     Skunkbush. 

On  dry  blufts  and  hills  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward, common;  many  specimens  have  very  pubescent 
leaflets. 

Rims  radicans,  L.     Poison  Oak.     Poison  Ivy. 
In  woods  and  thickets  throughout  the  state. 

CELASTRACE^. — Staff-tree  Family. 

Euoiiymus     atropurpureous,    Jacq.      Burning     Bush. 
Wahoo. 

Occasional  in  woods  in  the  Sioux  valley,  and  up  the 
Missouri  river  into  Charles  Mix  county. 

Celastrus  scaiicleiis,  L.     Bittersweet. 

Common  in  woods  and  thickets  throughout  the  state. 

ACERACE^. — Maple  Family. 

Acer  saccharinum,  L,.     Silver  Maple.     Soft  Maple. 
Acer  dasycarpum,  Bhrh. 

Kxtends  up  the  Sioux  river  to  Flandreau  and  up  the 
Missouri  river  to  the  western  edge  of  Union  county — the 
southeastern  county. 

Acer  saccliarum,  Marsh.    Sugar  Maple.     Rock  Maple. 
Acer  saccharum,  Wang. 

Abundant  in  coulees  and  ravines,  containing  a  clear 
spring  creek,  at  the  headwaters  of  the  Little  Minnesota 
river.  There  are  some  ten  coulees  extending  from  one 


to  three  miles  back  into  the  coteaus  in  which  the  sugar 
maple  is  abundant.  Many  of  the  trees  are  sixty  to 
seventy  feet  high  and  eight  to  ten  feet  in  circumference. 
As  soon  as  the  creek  emerges  from  the  hills  into  the 
open  prairie  all  the  trees  except  the  white  elm,  box 
elder  and  two  willows  disappear.  The  coulees  are  nar- 
row and  deep,  and  the  banks  are  lined  with  springs 
which  furnish  a  constant  supply  of  water.  The  southern- 
most coulee  in  which  maples  were  found  is  one-half 
mile  south  of  Sisseton  Agency. 

Acer  Neguiido,  I,.     Box  Elder.     Ash-leaved  Maple. 

Abundant   along  lakes   and  streams  throughout  the 
state. 

BALSAMINACE^E.—  Jewel-weed  Family. 

Impatiens  biflora,  Walt.     Spotted  Touch-me-not. 
Impatiens  julva. 

In  damp  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 
I  in  p;  it  i«-  us  aurea,  Muhl.     Pale  Touch-me-not. 

Impatiens  pallida,  Nutt. 

In  moist  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

RHAMNACE^.—  Buckthorn  Family. 

CeanothuH  velutinus,  Dougl.     Velvety  Redroot. 

In  the  Black  Hills  near  Lead  City. 
Oanothus  Fenclleri,  Gray.     Fendler's  Redroot. 

Common  in  limestone  districts  in  the  Black  Hills. 


.—  Grape  Family. 

Vitis  Vulpiiia,  L.     Riverside  Grape. 
Iritis  riparia,  Michx. 

Common  along  streams  and  bordering  lakes  from  the 
Missouri  river  eastward. 

Parthenocissus  quinquefolia,  (L.)  Planch.     False  Vir- 
ginia Creeper.    Woodbine. 


171 

Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Michx. 

Common  in  same  habitat  as  the  last,  the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 


.  —  Linden  Family. 

Tilia  Americana,  L.     Basswood.     American  Linden. 

Along  streams  and  bordering  lakes  in  the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys;  up  the  Missouri  valley  to  Running 
Water. 

MALVACEAE.  —  Mallow  Family. 

Malva  Sylvestris,  L.     High  Mallow. 

Sparingly  introduced  into  waste  places  in  the  Sioux 
valley  near  Brookings. 

Malva  rotunclifolia,  L.     Cheese's  Runniug  Mallow. 

A  naturalized  weed  in  waste  places  in  the  Sioux  val- 
ley and  southern  Missouri  valley. 

Malva  verticillata  crispa,  L.     Whorled  Mallow. 
In  waste  places  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Malvastrum  coccineum,  (Pursh.)  A.  Gray.  Red  Mallow. 
Common  on  dry  prairies  from  the  James  valley  west- 
ward. 

Abutiloii  abutiloii,  (L.)  Rusby.     Indian  Mallow. 
Abutilon  avicennce^  Gaertn. 

An  introduced  weed  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
state. 

Hibiscus    trionum,  L.     Venice    Mallow.     Flower-of-an- 
hour. 

In  waste  places  along  the  Sioux  valley  in  Union 
county,  and  up  the  Missouri  valley  to  Chamberlain, 
Brule  county. 

HYPERICACE^E.—  St.  Johnswort  Family. 

Hypericum  Canadense,  L.     Canadian  St.  Johnswort. 

In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  valley,  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 


172 

ELATINACE^E. — Waterwort  Family. 

Elatine  triaiidra,  Schk.     Long-stemmed  Waterwort. 

In  mud  on  margins  of  ponds  and  rivers  in  the  Minne- 
sota valley;  in  the  Missouri  valley  in  Wai  worth  county, 
and  in  White  river  in  the  plains  region. 

CiSTACE^E. — Rock  Rose  Family. 

Helianthemum  niajus,  (L.)  B.  S.  P.     Hoary  Frostweed. 
On  roadsides  east  of  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 

VIOLACE^. — Violet  Family. 

Viola  pedatiflda,  Don.     Prairie  Violet. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viola  obliqua,  Hill.     Meadow  Violet. 
Viola  cucullata,  Ait. 

Mostly  along  streams  or  in  the  shady  places  from  the 
Missouri  river  eastward,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viola  pedata,  L.     Bird's-foot  Violet. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  valley  near  Bigstone  Lake, 
Viola  pa  I  ust  ris,  L.     Marsh  Violet. 

In  moist  soil  near  Sylvan  Lake  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viola  blanda,  Willd.     Sweet  White  Violet. 
In  damp  ground  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viola  Nuttallii,  Pursh.     Nuttall's  Violet. 

On  prairies  from  the  James  valley  westward  through- 
out the  state. 

Viola  pubescens,  Ait.     Hairy  Yellow  Violet. 

In  rich  woods  in  Union  county  in  the  Sioux  valley, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills.  Most  of  the  specimens  referred 
to  this  species  belong  to  the  next. 

Viola  scabriuscula,  (T.  &  G.)  Schwein.    Smoothish  Yel- 
low Violet. 
Viola  pubescens  scabriuscula,  T.  &  G. 


In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viola  Caiiadeiisis,  L.     Canadian  Violet. 

Abundant  in  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viola  arenaria,  DC.     Sand  Violet. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills,  near  Rapid  City. 

Viola  cauiua  aduiica,  Gray. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

LOASACE^;. — Loasa  Family. 

Meiitzelia  oligosperma,  Nutt.    Few-seeded  Mentzelia. 

Occasional  in  the  Black  Hills;  more  common  in  the 
adjacent  plains. 

Meiitzelia  nuda,  (Pursh.)  T.  &  G.    Bractless  Mentzelia. 
A  rare  plant,  reported  only  for  the  Black  Hills. 

Mentzelia  decapetala,  (Pursh.)  Urban  &  Gilg.     Showy 
Mentzelia. 
Mentzelia  ornata,  T.  &  G. 

Common  in  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  westward. 

CACTACE^. — Cactus  Family. 

Opvintia  humifusa,  Raf.     Western  Prickly  Pear. 
Opuntia  Raftnesquii,  Engelm. 
In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent  plains  region. 

Opvmtia  fragilis,  (Nutt.)  Haw.     Brittle  Opuntia. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Cactus  Missouriensis,  (Sweet.)  Kuntze.     Missouri  Cactus. 
Mamillaria  Missouriensis,  Sweet. 

On  bluffs,  knolls  and  plains  from  the  Missouri  river 
westward. 

Cactus  viviparus,  Nutt.     Purple  Cactus. 
Mamillaria  vivipara,  Haw. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 


'74 
ELAEAGNACE^E.— Oleaster  Family. 

Elaeagims  argeutea,  Pursh.     Silver  Berry. 
In  limestone  districts  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Lepargyraea  Canadensis,  (L.)  Greene.     Canadian  Buffalo 
Berry. 
Shepherdia  Canadensis,  Nutt. 

Occasional  from  the  Missouri  river  to  the  Black  Hills* 

Lepargyrsea  argentea,  (Nutt.)  Greene.     Buffalo  Berry. 
Shepherdia  argentea,  Nutt. 

Common  on  bluffs  and  in  thickets  from  the  Missouri 
valley  westward;  occasional  on  bluffs  in  coulees  in  the 
Minnesota  valley. 

LYTHRACE^. — Loosestrife  Family. 

Ammaiiia  coccinea,  Rottb.     Long-leaved  Ammannia. 
In  swampy  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Lythrum  alatum,  Pursh.     Wing-angled  Loosestrife. 

Occasional  in  low  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

ONAGRACE.^. — Evening  Primrose  Family. 

Chamsenerioii    angustifolium,   (L.)   Scop.     Fireweed. 
Great  Willow  Herb. 
Epilobium  angustifolium,  L. 

In  open  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Epilobium  liiieare,  Muhl.     Linear-leaved  Willow  Herb. 
In  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Epilobium  paiiiculatum,  Nutt.     Panicled  Willow  Herb. 
Occurs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Epilobium    coloratum,    Muhl.     Purple-leaved    Willow 
Herb. 

In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 


Epilobium    adeiiocauloii,   Haussk.     Northern    Willow 
Herb. 

In  moist  ground  throughout  the  state. 

Epilobium  Hornemaimi,  Rerchenb.     Hornemann's  Wil- 
low Herb. 

Near  Sips  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Epilobium  Drummondii,  Kansk.     Drummond's  Willow 
Herb. 

In  the  limestone  district  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Onagra  bieniiis,  (L>.)  Scop.     Evening  Primrose. 
CEnothera  biennis,  L. 

Common  throughout  the  state. 

(Eiiothera    laciiiiata,    Hill.      Sinuate-leaved     Evening 
Primrose. 

CEnothera  sinuata,  I*. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Anogra   albicaulis,   (Pursh.)   Britton.     Prairie   Evening 
Primrose. 

CEnothera  albicaulis,  Pursh. 
Occasional  in  low  ground  throughout  the  state. 

Anogra  coroiiopifolia,  (T.  &.  G.)  Britton.     Cut-leaved 
Evening  Primrose. 
CEnothera  coronopifolia,  T.  &  G. 
In  the  Black  Hills  and  on  the  adjacent  plains. 

Anogra  pallicla  leptophylla,  (Nutt.) 

CEnothera  pallida  leptophylla,  (Nutt.)  T.  &  G. 
CEnothera  leptophylla,  Nutt. 
Occasional  in  the  Black  Hills, 

Pachylophus    csespitosa,    (Nutt.)    Raimann.      Scapose 
Primrose. 
CEnothera  c&spitosa,  (Nutt.) 

In  "gumbo  soils"  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward; 
common. 

Meriolix  serrulata,  (Nutt.)  Walp.    Tooth-leaved  Primrose. 


i76 

CEnothera  serrulata,  Nutt. 

In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 
Gaura  parviflora,  Dougl.     Small-flowered  Gaura. 
In  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 
Gaura  cocciiiea,  Pursh.     Scarlet  Gaura. 

In  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state;  more  common  in 
the  James  and  Missouri  valleys. 

Gay ophy ton   ramosissimum,   T.    &   G.     Bushy    Gay- 
ophyton. 

On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent 
plains. 
Circsea  Lutetiaiia,  L,.     Enchanter's  Nightshade. 

In  damp  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  the  Black 
Hills. 

Circsea  alpiiia,  L.     Alpine  Enchanter's  Nightshade. 
In  moist  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

HALORAGIDACE^E. — Water  Millfoil  Family. 

Hippuris  vulgaris,  L.     Bottle  Brush. 

In  shallow  water  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  locally  in 
the  Missouri  valley;  Faulkton. 

Myriophyllum  spicatum,  L.     Spiked  Water  Millfoil. 

Common  in  lakes  and  slow  streams  in  the  Minnesota, 
Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Myriophyllum  verticillatum,  L.     Whorled  Water  Mill- 
foil. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys;  not  common. 

Myriophyllum  heterophyllum,  Michx.     Various-leaved 
Water  Millfoil. 

In  slow  running  water  in  the  Sioux  valley;  rare. 

ARAIJACE^.— Ginseng  Family. 

Aralia  raccmosa,  L.     American  Spikenard. 
In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 


i77 

Aralia  imdicaulis,  L.     Wild  Sarsaparilla. 

On  shady  banks  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

UMBEivLiFKR^.— Carrot  Family,  Umbelworts. 

Daucus  carrota,  L,.     Wild  Carrot. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Minnnesota  and  Sioux 

valleys. 

Heracleuin  laiiatum,  Michx.     Cow  Parsnip. 

In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Pastiiiaca  saliva,  L.     Wild  Parsnip. 

Escaped  near  Rapid  City,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Peiicedanum  imdicaule,  (Pursh.)  Nutt.     White-flowered 
Parsley. 

In  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  common. 

Peucedauum     foeniculaceum,     Nutt.      Fennel-leaved 
Parsley. 

In    the  James   and   Missouri  valleys  and  along  the 
White  river;  not  common. 

Peucedanuin  villosum,  Nutt.     Hairy  Parsley. 

In  dry,  clay,  soils  from  the  James  valley  westward; 
common. 

Cymop terns  acaulis,  (Pursh.)  Rydberg.     Plain  Cymop- 
terus. 

Cymopterus  glomeratus,  Raf. 
On  dry  knolls  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Cymopterus  montanus,  T.  &  G.  Mountain  Cymopterus. 
In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent  plaius. 

Eryiig'ium  aquaticum,  L.     Button  Snakeroot. 
In  the  Sioux  valley  near  Sioux  Falls;  rare. 

Saiiicula  Marylandica,  L.     Black  Snakeroot. 

In  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys;  com- 
mon. 


i78 

Sanicula  canadensis,  L.     Short-styled  Snakeroot. 
Sanicula  Marylandica  canadensis,  Torr. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Musineon  divaricatum,  (Pursh.)  Nutt.    L^afy  Musineon. 
In  "gumbo  soils' '  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward ; 
common. 

Musineon  tennifolium,  Nutt.     Scapose  Musineon. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  common. 

Musineon  trachysperma,  Nutt. 

Near  Hermosa  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Washingtonia     Claytoni,     (Michx.)     Britton.      Wooly 
Sweet  Cicely. 
Osmorrhiza  brevistylis,  DC. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux 
valleys  (Union  Co.);  rare. 

Washingtonia  longistylis,  (Tott.)   Britton.     Smoother 
Sweet  Cicely. 
Osmorrhiza  longistylis,  Torr. 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Washingtonia  inn  la,  (Torr.)    Western  Sweet  Cicely. 
Osmorrhiza  nuda,  Torr. 
In  the  Black  Hills,  not  common. 

Sium  cicutaefolium,  Gmel.     Hemlock  Water  Parsnip. 
In  swamps  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Zizia  aurea,  (L.)  Koch.     Golden  Meadow  Parsnip. 

Abundant  in  low  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

Zizia  cordata,  (Walt.)  DC.     Heart-leaved  Alexander. 

On  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  val- 
leys and  in  the  Black  Hills.  I^ess  common  than  the 
last. 


Caruin  carui,  If.     Caraway. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Carum  Gairtliieri,  (Nutt.)  Benth.  &  Hook.     Gardner's 
Caraway. 

Reported  by  Dr.  Gray  for  the  Black  Hills. 
Cicuta  maculata,  L.     Water  Hemlock. 

In  swamps  and  streams  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward, and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Cicuta  bulbifera,  L.     Bulb-bearing  Water  Hemlock. 

In  a  cold  spring  swamp  near  Elkton  in  the  extreme 
eastern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley. 

Deringia  canadensis,  (I,.)  Kuntze.     Honewort. 
Cryptot<znia  canadensis,  I,. 
In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Berula  erecta,  (Huds.)  Coville.     Cut-leaved  Water  Pars- 
nip. 
Berula  augnstifolia,  Mert.  &  Kock. 

In  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

Bupleurum  rotundifolium,  L.     Modesty. 

Introduced  into  the  Sioux  valley  in  grass  seed. 

CORNACE^E.— Dogwood  Family. 

Cornus  canadeiisis,  L,.     Dwarf  Cornel. 
In  damp  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Cornus  Baileyi,  Coult.  &  Evans.     Bailey's  Dogwood. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Cornus  asperifolia,  Michx.     Rough-leaved  Dogwood. 

Along  the  Missouri  river  and  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  state,  Union,  Clay  and  Yankton  counties. 

Cornus  stoloiiifera,  Michx.     Red  Osier. 

In  thickets  along  streams  and  bordering  lakes  through- 
out the  state. 


i8o 

Coriius  amoiium,  Mill.     Silky  Cornel. 
Cornus  sericea,  I/. 

Along  the  Missouri  river  in  Yankton  and  Charles  Mix 
counties. 

PYROLACE^E.— Wintergreen  Family. 

Pyrola  rotundifolia,  L.     Round-leaved  Wintergreen. 
In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills,  I>ad  City. 

Pyrola  Elliptica,  Nutt     Shin-leaf. 

On  shady  hillsides  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Pyrola  chlorantha,  Sw.     Greenish-flowered  Wintergreen. 
In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Pyrola  secunda,  L.     One-sided  Wintergreen. 

In  deep  shady  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Pyrola  rotundifolia  bracteata,  (Nutt.)  Gray. 

In  a  cold  bog  near  Sylvan  lake  in  the  Black  Hills. 

MONOTROPACE^. — Indian  Pipe  Family. 

Pterospora  andromedea,  Nutt     Pine  Drops. 

In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills;  Custer  and  Rapid  City. 

Moiiotropa  imiflora,  L.     Indian  Pipe. 

In  deep,  wooded  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley;  Rob- 
erts county. 

ERICACEAE. — Heath  Family. 

Arctostaphylos  uva-ursi,  Spreng.     Red  Bearberry. 

On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  in  the  adjacent 
plains;  Custer,  and  the  Bad  Lands. 

VACCINEACE^.— Huckleberry  Family. 

Vaccinium  myrtillus  microphyllum,  Hook.    Bilberry, 
Whortleberry. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 


x8i 

.— Primrose  Family. 

Androsace  occidentals,  Pursh.     Androsace. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward ;  com- 
mon. 

Androsace  septentrionalis,  L.     Mountain  Androsace. 
In  the  Black  Hills,  Custer. 

Androsace  septentrioiialis  subulifera,  Gray. 

In  the  foothills  of  the  Black  Hills;  near  Rapid  City. 

Steironema  ciliaum,  (L.)  Raf.     Fringed  Loosestrife. 
Lysimachia  ciliata,  L,. 

In  damp  thickets  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills;  common. 

Naiimbergia  thrysiflora,  (L.)  Duby.   Tufted  Loosestrife. 
Lysimachia  thyrsiflora,  L. 

In  cold  spring  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  valley  near  Elk- 
ton  in  the  Sioux  valley,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Centunciilus  minimus,  L.     Chaffweed. 

In  the  upper  Missouri  valley,  (Wai worth  and  Potter 
counties)  and  the  Black  Hills. 

Dodecatheon  media,  L.     Shooting  Star,  American  Cow- 
slip. 

On  moist  banks  in  the  Black  Hills;  Rapid  City,  and 
Custer. 

OLEACE^E. — Olive  Family. 

Fraxiniis  laiiceolata,  Borck.     Green  Ash. 
Fraxinus  viridus,  Michx.  F. 

Abundant  along  streams  and  bordering  lakes  through- 
out the  state. 

Fraxinus  Peimsylvaiiicus,  Marsh.     Red  Ash. 
Fraxinus  pubescens,  L/am. 

With  the  last  throughout  the  state  and  rather  more 
common. 


182 

Fraxiims  Americana,  L.    White  Ash. 

This  has  been  repeatedly  reported  for  this  state,  but 
the  most  authentic  account  of  it  in  the  state  is  the  fol- 
lowing from  Prof.  Williams'  note  book:  "Twigs  sent  by 
Mr.  Jones  from  Sioux  Falls  to  Dr.  Trelease  were  pro- 
nounced to  be  this  species."  If  it  occurs  in  the  Minne- 
sota or  Sioux  regions  it  is  exceedingly  rare,  as  for  two 
summers  special  effort  has  been  made  to  detect  it. 

GENTIANACE^. — Gentian  Family. 

Gentiana  cletoiisa,  Rottb.     Fringed  Gentian. 
Gentiana  serrata,  Gunner. 

In  cold  spring  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  valley;  one  sta- 
tion in  the  Sioux  valley;  Elkton. 

Gentiana  acuta,  Michx.     Northern  Gentian. 
Gentiana  amarella  acuta,  Herder. 
Near  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Gentiana  puberula,  Michx.     Downy  Gentian. 

Common  on  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  val- 
leys. 

Gentiana  Andrewsii,  Griseb.     Closed  Gentian. 

In  low  places  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys; 
common. 

Frasera  speciosa,  Dougl.     Showy  Frasera. 
On  dry,  barren  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Tetragonantlms    deflexus,   (J.    E.    Smith.)      Kuntze. 
Spurred  Gentian. 
Swertia  deflexa,  J.  E.  Smith. 
In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

MENYANTHACE.E.— Buckbean  Family. 

Menyanthes  trifoliata,  L.     Buckbean.     Bogbean. 

In  a  cold  spring  bog  near  Elkton  in  the  Sioux  valley. 


i  §3 
APOCYNACE^E.— Dogbane  Family. 

Apocyimm  androsaemifolium,  L.     Spreading  Dogbane. 
In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Apocyimm  cannabiimm,  L.     Indian  Hemp. 

On  dry  banks  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

ASCLEPIADACE.E. — Milkweed  Family. 

Asclepias  tuberosa,  L,.     Pleurisy  Root.    Butterfly  Weed. 
In  thickets  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley; 
Union  county. 

Asclepias  iiicarnata,  L.     Swamp  Milkweed. 

In  swamps  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Asclepias  syriaca,  L.     Common  Milkweed. 
Asclepias  Cornuti,  Dec. 

On    prairies  and    in    thickets   in   the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys. 

Asclepias  speciosa,  Torr.     Showy  Milkweed. 

-    In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Asclepias  ovalifolia,  Dec.     Oval-leaved  Milkweed. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and 
in  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Asclepias  verticillata,  L,.     Whorled  Milkweed. 

Common  on  banks  and  prairies  from  the  Missouri  val- 
ley eastward. 

Asclepias  pumila,  (Gray.)  Vail.     Low  Milkweed. 
Asclepias  verticillata  pumila,  Gray. 

Common  on  the  dry  plains   from  the    Missouri  valley 
westward,  seems  to  replace  the  last. 
Acerates  viridiflora,  (Raf.)  Eaton.     Green  Milkweed. 

Occasional  in  sandy  soils  throughout  the  state. 
Acerates    aiigustifolia,    (Nutt.)    Dec.      Narrow-leaved 
Milkweed. 

In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent  plains. 


i84 

Acerates  lanugiiiosa,  (Nutt.)  Dec.    Woolly  Milkweed. 
On  prairies  in  the  Sioux  valley;  rare. 

CONVOLVULACE^E. — Morniug  Glory  Family. 

Evolvulus  pilosus,  Nutt.    Evolvulus.    In  dry  plains  west 
of  the  Missouri  river  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Quamoclit  coccinea  hederifolia.     Small  Red  Morning 
Glory. 

Introduced  in  gardens  near  Brookings. 

I  pmmra  leptophylla,  Torr.     Bush  Morning  Glory. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  river  to  the  Black  Hills. 

I  ponnra  hederacese,  Jacq.    Ivy-leaved  Morning  Glory. 

A  bad  weed  in  fields  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brookings. 

Convolvulus  sepiuin,  L.     Hedge  Bindweed. 

In  thickets  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Convolvulus  repeiis,  L.     Trailing  Bindweed. 

In  cultivated  and  waste  fields  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

CuscuTACE^E. — Dodder  Family. 

Cuscuta  Epithymum,  Murr.    Clover  Dodder. 

On  alfalfa  in  the  Sioux  valley  in  Brookings  and  Clark 
counties,  and  in  the  Black  Hills.  An  introduced  paras- 
ite, doing  considerable  damage  to  alfalfa  wherever  it 
occurs  in  quantity. 

Cuscuta  arvensis,  Beyrich.     Field  Dodder. 

On  various  large  herbs  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Cuscuta  coryli,  Engelm.     Hazel  Dodder. 
Cuscuta  inflexa,  Engelm. 

On  large  herbs  throughout  the  state. 
Cuscuta  Gronovii,  Willd.     Gronovi's  Dodder. 

In  the  Sioux  and  Minnesota  valleys;  common. 


Cuscuta  paracloxa,  Raf.     Gloinerata  Dodder. 
Cuscuta  glomerata,  Choisy. 

On  composites  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

POLEMONIACE^;.— Phlox  Family. 

Phlox  pilosa,  L.     Downy  Phlox. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Phlox  Kelseyii,  Britton.     Kelsey's  Phlox. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Phlox  Doug-lassii,  Hook.     Douglass'  Phlox. 
Common  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Phlox  Douglassii  aiidicola,  Britton. 

On  dry  table-lands  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Gilia  spicata  capitata,  Gray.     Capitate  Gilia. 
On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Collomia  liiiearis,  Nutt.     Narrow-leaved  Collomia. 
Gilia  linearis,  Gray. 

On  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward;  found 
also  in  one  station  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

HYDROPHYU,ACE.E. — Waterleaf  Family. 

Hydrophyllum  Virginicum,  L.    Virginian  Waterleaf. 

Common  in  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley;  occasional 
in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Macrocalyx  Nyctalea,  (I*.)  Kuntze.     Nyctalea. 
Ellisia  nyctalea,  L. 

Common  in  shady,  moist  ground  in  the  Minnesota 
valley;  less  common  in  the  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri 
valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

BORAGINACE^.— Borage  Family. 

Heliotropium  Curassavicum,  I/.     Seaside  Heliotrope. 

In  saline  soils  in  the  James  valley  in  Faulk  and  Beadle 
counties. 


1 86 

Lappiila    lappula,    (L.)    Karst.       Burrseed.      European 
Stickseed. 
Echinospermum  lappula,  Lehm. 

Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Lappula    reclowskii    occideiitalis,   (Wats.)    Rydberg. 
Western  Stickseed. 

Common  from  the  Missouri  river  westward. 

Lappula  Virgiiiiana,  (L.)  Greene.     Virginian  Stickseed. 
Echinospermum.  Virginicum,  L. 

In  dry  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  the  Black 
Hills;  rare. 

Lappula   floribuiicla,   iLehm.)   Greene.      Large-flowered 
Stickseed. 

Echinospermum  floribunda,  Lehm. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Lappula  Americana,  (Gray.)  Rydberg.     Nodding  Slick- 
seed. 

Echinospermum  deflexum  Americanum,  Gray. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Allocarya  scopulorum,  Greene.    Mountain  Allocarya. 

In  the  southern  Missouri  valley;  Charles  Mix  county. 

Cryptanthe  Patterson!!,  (Gray.)   Greene.     Patterson's 

Cryptantlie. 

Krynitzkia  Pattersonii,  Gray. 

In  the  Black  Hills;  Custer  and  Lead  City. 

<  r.vptaiithe   crassisepala,  (T.  &   G.)   Greene.     Thick- 
sepaled  Cype. 
Krynitzkia  crassisepala,  Gray. 

In  the  Bad  Lands,  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 

Oreocarya  glomerata,  (Pursh.)  Greene.    Clustered  Oreo- 
carya. 
Krynitzkia  glomerata,  Gray. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  Minnesota  valley  westward. 


i87 

Merteiisia  paniculata,  (Ait.)  Don.     Tall  Lungwort. 
In  the  Black  Hills;  Rockford. 

Merteiisia  lanceolata,  (Pursh.)  DC.   Lance-leaved  Lung- 
wort. 

Common  in  thickets  and  on  plains  from  the  Missouri 
valley  westward. 

Merteiisia  Sibericus,  (L.)  Don.     Siberian  Lungwort. 

Dr.  Rydberg  says:  "A  single  fruiting  specimen  which 
seems  to  belong  to  this  species  was  collected  at  Rock- 
ford. 

Myosotis  macrosperma,  Engelm.     Large-seeded  Forget- 
me-not. 

Near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Myosotis  sylvatica,  HofFm.     Sylvan  Forget-me-not. 

In  damp,  rich   places  in  the  high   parts  of  the  Black 

Hills. 

Lithospermum     caiiesceiis,    (Michx.)    Lehm.      Hoary 
Puccoon. 

Common  on  prairies  and  in  the  edge  of  thickets  from 
the  James  valley  eastward. 

Lithospermum  angustifolium,  Michx.     Narrow-leaved 
Puccoon. 

Common  on  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Oiiosmodium  Molle,  Michx.    Soft-hairy  False  Cromwell. 
In  prairies  throughout  the  state;  prefers  sandy  soil. 

Echium  vulgare,  L.     Viper's  Bugloss. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Sioux  valley;  Brookings. 

VERBENACE^. — Vervain  Family. 

Verbena  urticsefolia,  L.     White  Vervain. 

In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and 
the  southern  part  of  the  Missouri  valley;  Charles  Mix 
county. 


1 88 

Verbena  hastata,  L.     Blue  Vervain. 

In  thickets  and  moist  places  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Verbena  stricta,  Vent.     Hoary  Vervain. 

In  moist  or  dry  soil  throughout  the  state. 

Verbena  bracteosa,  Michx.     Large-bracted  Vervain. 

On  prairies  throughout  the  state;  rare  east  of  the  Mis- 
souri valley;  more  common  westward. 

Verbena  bipinnatifida,  Nutt. 

On  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Lippia  cimeifolia,  (Tott.)  Steud.    Fogfruit, 

Occasional  in  the  James  and  Missouri  valleys. 

LABIAT^.  — Mint  Family. 

Teucrium  Canadensis,  L.     Wood  Sage.     Germander. 
In  moist  soil  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Teucrium  occidentale,  Gray.     Hairy  Germander. 

In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Scutellaria  lateriflora,  L.     Mad-dog  Skull  Cap. 

In  low,  shady  places  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward. 

Scutellaria  parvula,  Michx.    Small  Skull  Cap. 

On  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  James  and 
Missouri  valleys. 

Scutellaria  galericulata,  L.     Marsh  Skull  Cap. 

In  damp  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Agastache   nepetoides,   (I,.)   Kuntze.     Catnip.      Giant 
Hyssop. 
Lophanthus  nepetoides,  Benth. 

In  the  Minnesota  valley  and  the  southern  part  of  the 
Sioux  valley,  at  Sioux  Falls;  Union  county.  Some  of 
the  specimens  from  the  Minnesota  valley  agree  with 
A.  schrophulari&folia  in  the  pubescence  of  the  leaves 


and  stem,  but  have  the  small  greenish  yellow  corolla  of 
A.  nepetoides. 

Agastache  aiiethoidora,  (Nutt.)  Britton.   Fragrant  Giant 
Hyssop. 
Lophanthus  anisatus,  Benth. 

In  thickets  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Xepeta  cataria,  L.     Catnip. 

Sparingly   introduced   in   the   Minnesota  and   Sioux 
valleys. 

Dracocephaluni  parviflorum,  Nutt.  American  Dragon- 
head. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Dell  Rapids,  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Prunella  vulgaris,  L.     Selfheal. 

In  damp  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Physostegia  Virginiaiia,  (L.)  Benth.  False  Dragonhead. 

In  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Leoiiurus  cardiaca,  L.     Motherwort. 

Naturalized  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Sioux  Falls. 

Stachys  palustris,  L,.     Hedge  Nettle. 

In  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 
Stachys  aspera,  Michx.     Rough  Hedge  Nettle. 

Near  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Salvia  lanceolata,  Willd.     Lance-leaved  Sage. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Monarcla  flstulosa,  L.     Wild  Bergamont. 

Common  in   thickets  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward, and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Monarda  scabra,  Beck.     Pale  Wild  Bergamont. 
Monarda  fistulosa  Mollis,  Benth. 

On  prairies  and  plains  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and 
westward  to  the  Black  Hills. 


Hedeoma  hispida,  Pursh.     Rough  Pennyroyal. 
Common  on  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Hedeoma  Drummoiidii,  Benth.     Drummond's    Penny- 
royal. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills,  and  in  the  adjacent 
plains. 

Hyssopus  officinalis,  L.     Hyssop. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Brook- 
ings. 

Lycopus  rubellus,  Moench.     Stalked  Water  Hoarhound. 
In  wet  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Lycopus  Americanus,  Muhl.     Cut-leaved  Water   Hoar- 
hound. 
Lycopus  sinuatus^  Ell. 

Common  in  wet  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Lycopus  lucidus,  Turcz.     Western  Water  Hoarhound. 

In  swamps  and  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  val- 
leys. 

Mentha  Caiiadeiisis,  L.     American  Wild  Mint. 
Common  in  moist  soils  throughout  the  state. 

SOLANACE^. — Potato  Family. 

Phy sails  longifolia,  Nutt.     Long-leaved  Ground  Cherry. 
In  the  Sioux  and  Missouri  valleys  and  the  Black  Hills; 
more  common  westward. 

Phy  sails  laiiceolata,  Michx.     Prairie  Ground  Cherry. 
On  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Physalis  Virgiiiiaiia,  Mill.     Virginian  Ground  Cherry. 

In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys,  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Physalis  heterophylla,  Nees.     Clammy  Ground  Cherry. 
In  the  Minnesota  and  southern  Missouri  valleys,  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 


191 

Physalis  rotmidata,  Rydb.    Round-leaved  Ground  Cherry. 
In  the  foothills  of  the  Black  Hills,  and  the  adjacent 
plains. 

Solatium  uigrnni,  L,.     Black  Nightshade. 

In  the  waste  places  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Solaiiiim  triflorum,  Nutt.     Cut-leaved  Nightshade. 

In  waste  places  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys, 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Solanum   rostratum,   Dunal.     Texas   Thistle.     Beaked 
Nightshade. 

On  dry  prairies  and  in  waste  places  throughout  the 
state.  From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  it  is  found  in 
waste  places,  apparently  introduced  from  the  west.  On 
the  plains  west  of  the  Missouri  river  it  is  more  abundant 
and  apparently  native. 

SCHROPHULARIACE^.  — Figwort  Family. 

Verbascum  thapsus,  L.     Mullen. 

Introduced  into  the  southeastern  part  of  the  state,  and 
in  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Linaria  linaria,  (L.)  Karst.  Butter-and-eggs,  Yellow  Toad 
Flax. 
Linaria  vulgaris,  Mill. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Linaria  Canadensis,  (L.)  Dumont.     Blue  Toad  Flax. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Schroplmlaria  Maryjandica,  L.     Heal-all.     Maryland 
FigworL 
Schrophularia  nodosa  Marylandica,  Gray. 

In  thickets  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 
Pentstemon  cristatus,  Nutt.     Crested  Beard-tongue. 

On  dry  bluffs  in  the  Missouri  valley  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 


192 

Pentstemoii  albidus,  Nutt.     White  Beard-tongue. 

On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Pentstemoii  gracilis,  Nutt.     Slender  Beard-tongue. 

Common  on   prairies  from   the   Missouri  valley  east- 
ward, and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Peiitstemon  grandiflorus,  Nutt.   Large  Flowered  Beard 
tongue. 

On  dry  knolls  and  banks  of  ravines  throughout  the  state. 

Peiitstemon  glaber,  Pursh.     Smooth  Beard-tongue. 

On  low  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Pentstemon  angustifolius,  Pursh.     Pale  Beard-tongue. 
Near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills,  rare. 

Pentstemoii  Jamesii,  Benth.     James'  Beard-tongue. 

On  table-lands  near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Colliiisia  parvtflora,  Dougl.     Small-flowered  Collinsia. 
On  dry  hill  sides  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Mimulus  ringens,  L.     Monkey  Flower. 

Along  streams  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Mimulus  Jamesii,  T.  &  G.    James'  Monkey  Flower. 

In  bogs  and  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Mimulus  luteus,  L.     Yellow  Monkey  Flower. 

In  damp,  shady  ground  in  the  Black  Hills  near  Lead 
City. 

Moimiera  rotuiidifolia,  Michx.      Round-leaved   Hedge 
Hyssop. 

Herpestris  rotundifolia,  Pursh. 

In  shallow  pools  and  on  muddy  shores  from  the  Mis- 
souri valley  eastward,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Ilysanthes  gratioloides,  (L.)  Benth.     False  Pempernel. 
Ilysanthes  riparia,  Raf: 

On  muddy  shores  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 


193 

Wulfeiiia  rubra,  (Hook.)  Greene.     Western  Wulfena. 
Synthris  rubra,  Benth. 

On  hill  sides  near  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Veronica  Aiiagallis-aquatica,  L,.     Water  Speedwell. 

In  brooks  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Veronica  Americana,  Schwein.     American  Brooklime. 
In  cold  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Veronica  peregriiia,  L.     Neckweed. 

In  low  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Veronica  officinalis,  L.     Common  Speedwell. 
Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Leptandra  Virginica,  (L.)  Nutt.     Culver's  Root. 
Veronica  Virginica,  L. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys;  rare. 

Oerardia  Besseyaiia,  Britton.     Bessey's  Gerardia. 
Gerardia  tenuiflora  macrophylla,  Benth. 
On  low  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Oerardia  aspera,  Dougl.     Rough  Gerardia. 

On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward;  com- 
mon. 
Castilleja  acumiiiata,  (Pursh.)  Spreng.     Painted  Cup. 

In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Castilleja  sessiflora,  Pursh.     Prairie  Painted  Cup. 

On  dry  bluffs  and  sandy  knolls  throughout  the  state; 
much  more  common  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 
Orthocarpus  luteus,  Nutt.     Yellow  Orthocarpus. 

Occasional  in  dry,  sandy  soils  throughout  the  state. 
Pedicularis  lanceolata,  Michx.     Swamp  Lousewort. 

In  swamps  and  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys. 


i94 

Pedicularis  Caiiadensis,  L.     Wood  Betany.     Lousewort. 
In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

LENTIBULARIACE^B  — Bladdderwort  Family. 

Utricularia  vulgaris,  L.     Greater  Bladderwort. 

In  clear  water  ponds  and  slow  streams  from  the  Mis- 
souri valley  eastward. 

ORQBANCHACE^E. — Broom  rape  Family. 

Thalesia  f  asiculata,  (Nutt.)  Britton.    Yellow  Cancer  Root. 
Aphyllon  fasiculatum,  Gray. 

In  the  Missouri  valley  and  the  Black  Hills;  rare. 

Orobanche  ludoviciana,  Nutt.     Louisiana   Broomrape. 
From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the  Black 
Hills. 

PHRYMACE^E. — Lopseed  Family. 

Pliryma  leplostachya,  L.     Lopseed. 

la  woops  and  thickets  throughout  the  state. 

PLANTAGINACE^E. — Plantain  Family. 

Plantago  major,  L.     Common  Plantain. 

Introduced  into  waste  places  throughout  the  state. 

Plaiitago  Rugelli,  Dec.     Rugel's  Plantain. 

Introduced  into  waste  fields  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Plantago  lanceolata,  L.     Ribwort. 

Sparingly  introduced  into  waste  places  in  the  Sioux 
valley. 

Plaiitago  eriopoda,  Torr.     Saline  Plantain. 

In  low  alkaline  places  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valley. 

Plaiitago  Purshii,  R.  &  S.     Pursh's  Plantain. 
Plantago  patagonica  gnaphalioides,  Gray. 

Common  on  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 


Plantago  aristata,  Michx.     Large-bracted  Plantain. 
Plantago  patagonica  aristata,  A.     Gray. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward- 
not  common. 

Plautago  elongata,  Pursh.     Slender  Plantain. 
Plantago  pusilla,  Nutt. 

On  low  damp  prairies  in  the  southern  Missouri  valley, 
Aurora  and  Charles  Mix  counties. 

RUBIACE^.— Madder  Family. 

Galium  Apariiie,  L,.     Cleaver.     Goosegrass. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Galium  boreale,  L.     Northern  Bedstraw. 

In  thickets  and  on  banks  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Galium  triflorum,  Michx.     Fragrant  Bedstraw. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills;  also  extends  up  the 
Missouri  valley  into  Charles  Mix  county. 

Galium  trifldum,  L.     Small  Cleavers. 

In  spring  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Galium  tinctorum,  L.     Wild  Madder. 
In  low  thickets  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

CAPRIFOLIACE^.  — Honeysuckle  Family. 

Sambucus  racemosus,  L.     Racemed  Elder. 

In  canons  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Sambucus  canadeiisis,  L.     Sweet  Elder. 

In  moist  soil  near  Rapid  City  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Viburnum  opulus,  L.     Cranberry  Tree. 

In  damp  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley  (rare)  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 


196 

Viburnum  Leiitago,  L.     Sweet  Viburnum. 

Common  on  wooded  banks  in  the  Minnesota  valley 
and  in  the  Black  Hills;  occurs  also  near  Sioux  Falls  in 
the  Sioux  valley. 

Liimaea  borealis,  L.     Twinflower. 
In  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Symphoricarpus  racemosus,  Michx.     Snowberry. 

In  thickets  along  streams  and  on  dry  banks  through- 
out the  state. 

Symphoricarpus  pauciflorus,  (Robbins)  Britton.     Low 
Snowberry. 
Symphoricarpus  racemosus  pauciflorus.     Robbins. 

On  rich  wooded  bluffs  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Symphoricarpus  occideiitalis,  Hook.     Wolf  Berry. 

Occasional  in  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys. 

Symphoricarpus  Symphoricarpus,  (L,.)  MacM.     Coral 
Berry. 

Symphoricarpus  vulgaris,  Michx. 

On  dry  banks  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

L,oiiicera    glaucescens,    Rydberg.        Douglas'    Honey- 
suckle. 

Common  in  woods  and  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  val- 
ley, in  the  Sioux  valley  near  Sioux  Falls  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

ADOXACE^. — Moschatel  Family. 

Adoxa  moschatelliiia,  I/.     Moschatel.     Muskroot. 
In  the  limestone  region  in  the  Black  Hills. 

VALERIANACE^.— Valerian  Family. 

Valeriaiia  edulis,  Nutt.     Tobacco  Root. 

In  damp  soil  near  Rockford  in  the  Black  Hills. 


i97 

Valeriaiia  sylvatica,  Banks.     Wood  Valerian. 
In  moist  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

CUCURBITACE^. — Gourd  Family. 

Micrampelis  lobata,   (Michx.)   Greene.      Wild   Balsam 
Apple. 
Echinocystis  lobata,  T.  &  G. 

In  thickets  along  streams  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

Sieyos  angulatus,  L.     Burr  Cucumber. 

In  thickets  along  streams  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
state,  east  of  the  Missouri  river;  Yankton;  Elk  Point, 
and  Brookings. 

CAMPANULACE^. — Bell  wort  Family. 

Campanula  rotuiidifolia,  L.     Harebell. 
On  moist  rocks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Campanula  aparinoides,  Pursh.     Marsh  Bellwort. 
In  wet  ground  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Campanula  Americana,  L.     Tall  Bellflower. 

In  thickets  in  the  Missouri  valley  from  Yankton  south- 
ward and  up  the  Sioux  valley  to  Sioux  Falls. 

Legouzia  perfoliata,  (L.)  Britton.    Venus  Looking-glass. 
Specularia  perfoliata,  A.     DC. 

In  the  southern  Missouri  valley  (Charles  Mix  county), 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Lobelia  syphilitica,  I/.     Blue  Cardinal  Flower. 

Common  in  low  moist  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and 
Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Lobelia  spicata  hirtella,  Gray.     Prairie  Lobelia. 

Common  on  low  praires  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward. 

Lobelia  Kalmii,  L.     Brook  Lobelia. 

In  cold  spring  bogs  in  ravines  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 


198 
CICHORIACE^E. — Chicory  Family. 

Tragopogon  pratensis,  L.     Meadow  Salsify. 

Naturalized  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Taraxacum  Taraxacum,  (L.)  Karst     Dandelion. 

In  lawns  and  and  waste  fields  from  the  James  valley 
eastward  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Soiichus  asper,  (L.)  All.     Spiny  Sow  Thistle. 

In  waste  places  from  the  Minnesota  valley  eastward 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

L<actuca  Scariola,  L.     Prickly  Lettuce. 

In  fields  and  waste  places  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward ;  not  abundant. 

Lactuca  Ludoviciana,  (Nutt.)  DC.     Western  Lettuce. 

Common  on  shady  banks  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Lactuca  Canadensis,  L.     Tall  Lettuce. 

In  most  thickets  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys. 

Lactuca  pulchella,  (Pursh.)  DC.      Large-flowered   Blue 
Lettuce. 

In  low  places  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Lactuca  spicata,  (Lam.)  Hitch.     Tall  Blue  Lettuce. 
Lactuca  leucophcea,  Gray. 

In  moist  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Lygodesmia  juncea,  (Pursh.)  D.  Don.     Rush-like  Lygo- 
desmia. 

Common  on  breaking  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward and  on  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 

Agoseris  glauca,  (Pursh.)  Greene.     Large-flowered  Agos- 
eris. 

Troximon glaucum,  Pursh. 
On  prairies  and  plains  throughout  the  state. 


Agoseris    parviflora,    (Nutt.)   Greene.       Small-flowered 
Agoseris. 

Troximon  glaucum  parviflorum,  Gray. 
In  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjoining  plains. 

Agoseris  scorsonera3folia,  (Schrad.)  Greene.     Western 
Agoseris. 

On  railroad  embankments  near  Custer,  Black  Hills. 

Nothocalai  cuspidata,  (Pursh.)  Greene.      False  Calais. 
Troximon  cuspidatum,  Pursh. 
On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Crepis  rmicinata,  (James.)  T.  &  G.      Naked  Stemmed 
Hawksbeard. 

In  low  moist  soils  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Hieracium  umbellatum,  L.    Narrow-leaved  Hawkweed. 
In  damp  ground  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Hieracium  Cauadense,  Michx.     Canada  Hawkweed. 

On  shady  banks  in  the  Minnesota  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 
Hieracium  Fendleri,  Schut.     Fendler's  Hawkweed. 

On  dry  hills  near  Rockford  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Nabalus  albus,  (L.)  Hook.     Rattlesnake  Root. 
Prenanthes  alba,  L. 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Nabalus  asper,  (Michx.)  T.  &  G.     Rough  White  Lettuce. 
Prenanthes  asper,  Michx. 

On  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  James,  and 
southern  Missouri  valleys  and  the  Black  Hills. 
Nabalus  racemosus,  (Michx.)  DC.     Glaucous  White  Let- 
tuce. 
Prenanthes  racemosa,  Michx. 

On  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys 
and  in  the  Black  Hills. 


AMBROSIACE^. — Ragweed  Family. 

Iva  axillaris,  Pursh.     Small-flowered  Marsh  Elder. 

In  dry  alkaline  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 

Iva  xanthiifolia,  (Tresen.)  Nutt.  Burweed.     Marsh  Elder. 
In  waste  places  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 
Ambrosia  triflda,  L.     Great  Ragweed.     Bitterweed. 

In  thickets  and  waste  places  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward. 

Ambrosia  trifida  integrifolia,  (Muhl.)     T.  &  G. 
With  the  type,  common. 

Ambrosia  artemisiaefolia,  L.     Ragweed. 

Abundant  in  waste  places  along  roads  and  in  culti- 
vated field  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward,  rare  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Ambrosia  psilostachya,  DC.     Western  Ragweed, 

In  light  soils  throughout  the  state;  more  common  trom 
the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Gaertneria   discolor,    (Nutt.)    Kuntze.       White-leaved 
Gaertneria. 
Franseria  discolor,  Nutt. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjoining  plains. 

Xanthium  Caiiadeiise,  Mill.     American  Cocklebur. 

On  loose,  sandy  soils  bordering  streams  and  lakes 
from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

COMPOSITE. — Thistle  Family. 

Vernonia  fasciculata,  Michx.     Western  Iron  Weed. 

Common  in  low  places  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward. 

Eupatorium  maculatum,  L.     Spotted  Joe-Pye  Weed. 

In  swampy  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys 
and  the  Black  Hills. 


201 

Eupatorium  maculatum  amoenum,  (Pursh.)  Britton. 
In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 
Quite  distinct  from  the  type. 

Eupatorium  altissimuin,  L.     Tall  Thoroughwort. 

In  dry  soils,  near  timber,  in  the  James,  Sioux  and 
Minnesota  valleys  and  the  Black  Hills. 

Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  L.     Boneset. 

In  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  valley,  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the  Missouri  valley  near  Run- 
ning Water. 

Eupatorium  ageratoides,  L.  F.     White  Snakeroot. 

On  wooded  bluffs  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  and  south- 
ern James  valleys,  and  extending  up  the  Missouri  valley 
to  Charles  Mix  county. 

Kulmia  glutiiiosa,  Ell.     Prairie  False  Boneset. 
Kuhnia  eupatorioides  corymbulosa,  T.  &  G. 

On  prairies  throughout  the  state,  but  rare  west  of  the 
Missouri  river. 

L-acinaria  squarrosa,  (I,.)  Hill.     Colicroot. 
Liatris  squarrosa,   Willd. 

In  the  southern  Missouri  valley;  Yankton,  Running 
Water  and  Charles  Mix  county. 

Laciiiaria  punctata,  (Hook.)  Kuntze.      Dotted   Button 
Snakeroot 
Liatris  punctata,  Hook. 

On  prairies  and  plains  throughout  the  state,  very  com- 
mon. A  form  with  creamy  white  flowers  is  found. 

Lacinaria  scariosa,  (L.)  Hill.     Large  Button  Snakeroot. 
Blazing  Star. 
Liatris  scariosa,  Willd. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the  Black 
Hills;  common. 

Lacinaria  spicata,  (L.)  Kuntze.     Dense  Button  Snake- 
root.     Devil's  Bit. 


202 

Liatris  spicata,  L. 

In  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Outierrezia  Sarothrse,  (Pursh.)  Britt.  &  Rusby.     Gutier- 
rez ia. 
Gutierrezia  Euthamice,  T.  &  G. 

On  the  dry  plains  from   the    Missouri  valley  west- 
ward. 

Griiidelia   squarrosa,    (Pursh.)    Dunal.       Broad-leaved 
Gum  Plant. 

In  dry  soil  throughout  the  state.     It  is  becoming  a 
weed  in  waste  places  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Ckrysopsis  villosa,  (Pursh.)  Nutt.     Hairy  Golden  Aster. 
Common  in  dry  soil  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward and  in   the  Black  Hills.      Many  of  the  western 
forms  are  very  close  to  C.  hispida. 

Chrysothamnus  Douglasii,  (Gray.)     Douglas's  Rayless 
Goldenrod.  - 
Bigelovia  Douglasii,  Gray. 

In  dry  alkaline  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  west- 
ward to  the  Black  Hills. 

Eriocarpum  grindelioides,  Nutt.     Rayless  Eriocarpum. 
In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  surrounding 
plains. 

Eriocarpum  spinulosum,  (Nutt.)  Greene.      Cut-leaved 
Eriocarpum. 
Aplopappus  spinulosus. 

In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state;  but  rare  in  the  Min- 
nesota and  Sioux  valleys,  common  westward. 

Solidago  flexicaulis,  L.     Broad-leaved  Goldenrod. 
Solidago  latifoiia,  L. 

On  shady  banks  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Solidago  erecta,  Pursh.     Slender  Goldenrod. 
On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 


203 

Solidago  rigidiuscula,  (T.  &  G.)  Porter.     Slender  Showy 
Goldenrod. 
Solidago  speciosa  rigidiuscula,  T.  &  G. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Missouri  and  Sioux  valleys.     Rare. 

Solidago  arguta,  Ait.     Cut-leaved  Goldenrod. 

In  rich  woods  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Solidago  rupestris,  Raf.     Rock  Goldenrod. 

Occasional  on  rocky  banks    in    the   Minnesota    and 
Sioux  valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Solidago  serotiiia,  Ait.     Late  Goldenrod. 

In  thickets  and  low  places  throughout  the  state  except 
the  Black  Hills. 

Solidago  Missourieiisis,  Nutt.     Missouri  Goldenrod. 
On  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Solidago  Canadeiisis,  L.     Canada  Goldenrod. 

From  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in  the  Black 
Hills;  common  in  thickets  and  on  low  prairies. 

Solidago  Caiiadeiisis  procera,  (Ait.)  T.  &  G. 

Range  the  same  as  the  type. 
Solidago  Caiiadeiisis  gilvos  canesceiis,  Rydberg. 

In  dry  soil  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Solidago   nemoralis,    Ait.      Field    Goldenrod.      Dyers 
Weed. 

On  dry  banks  and  hills  throughout  the  state. 

Solidago  Radula,  Nutt.     Western  Rough  Goldenrod. 

In  dry  soils  throughout  the  state. 
Solidago  rigida,  L.     Hard-leaved  Goldenrod. 

On  prairies  throughout  the  state.    The  most  abundant 
of  all  the  species. 

Euthamia  graminifolia,  (L.)  Nutt.    Fragrant  Goldenrod. 
Solidago  lanceolata^  L. 

In  moist  soils  in    the    Minnesota,  Sioux,  and  James 
valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 


204 

Euthamia  Caroliuiaua,  (L.)  Greene.     Slender  Fragrant 
Goldenrod. 
Solidago  tenuifolia,  Pursh. 

A  single  specimen  of  the  species  was  collected  in  the 
Black  Hills  by  Mr.  Carter  in  1897. 

Boltoiiia  asteroides,  (Iy.)  L'Her.     Aster-like  Boltonia. 

In  low  moist  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Aster  Liiid  ley  anus,  T.  &  G.  Ivindley's  Aster. 
In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Aster  sagittifolius,  Willd.     Arrow-leaved  Aster. 
In  dry  soils  in  the  Minnesota  valley. 

Aster  Novse-Aiigliae,  L.     New  England  Aster. 

In   thickets   in    the    Minnesota,    Sioux,   and   James 
valleys. 
Aster  oblongifoliuSj  Nutt.     Aromatic  Aster. 

In  dry  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward;  the 
plant  is  most  abundant  on  dry  gravelly  hillsides. 

Aster  Isevis,  L.     Smooth  Aster. 

On  sandy  banks  of  streams  from  the  Missouri  valley 
eastward  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Aster  patulus,  Lam.     Spreading  Aster. 

In  the  Black  Hills  near  Custer. 
Aster  junceus,  Ait.     Rush  Aster. 

In  cold  spring  bogs  in  the  Minnesota  valley,  in  the 
extreme  eastern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Aster  sericeus,  Vent.     Western  Silky  Aster. 

On  dry  prairies  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  and  James 
valleys;  common. 

Aster  ptarmicoides,   (Nees.)  T.   &  G.     Upland  White 
Aster. 

In  dry  rocky  or  gravelly  soils  throughout  the  state. 
Aster  dumosus,  L.     Bushy  Aster. 

In  damp,  sandy  soils  in  the  Sioux  valley. 


205 

Aster  salicifolius,  Lam.     Willow  Aster. 

In  low  wet  ground  in  the  vicinity  of  streams,  through- 
out the  state.1 

Aster  paniculatus,  Lam.     Panicled  Aster. 

In  low,  damp  ground  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward. 

•        : 

Aster  lateriflorus,  (L.)  Britton.     Starved  Aster. 
Aster  diffussis,  Ait. 

On  shady  banks  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Aster  multiflorus,  Ait.     Dense-flowered  Aster. 

In  dry  soils,  especially  that  have  been  broken,  from 
the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Aster  iiicaiiopilosus,  (Lindl.)  Sheldon.     White  Prairie 

Aster. 

Aster  commutatus,  A.     Gray. 

On  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Aster  Sibiricus,  L.     Siberian  Aster. 
Near  Custer  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Aster  falcatus,  Lindl. 

Reported  for  the  Black  Hills  in  Gray's  list,  Newton 
and  Jenney's  report  in  the  Geological  survey  of  the 
Black  Hills  in  1880. 

Machreranthera  sessiliflora,   (Nutt.)  Greene.      Viscid 
Aster. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Erigeroii  asper,  Nutt.     Rough  Erigeron. 

Erigeron  glabellus,  Nutt. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Erigeron  sufotriiiervis,  Rydberg.      Three-nerved  Flea- 
bane. 

On  shaded  hillsides  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Erigeron  pumilus,  Nutt.     Low  Erigeron. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 


206 

Erigeron  caiius,  Gray.     Hoary  Erigeron. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  adjacent  plains. 

Erigeron  compositus,  Pursh.     Dwaif  Fleabane. 
On  exposed  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Erigeron  flagellaris,  Gray.     Running  Fleabane. 
In  rich  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Erigeron  salsugiiious,  Gray. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  foothills  of  the  Black  Hills  and  the 
adjacent  plains. 

Erigeron  pulchellus,  Michx.     Robin's  Plantain. 
Erigeron  bellidifolius,  Muhl. 

On  banks  of  streams  in  the   Minnesota  and   Sioux 
valleys. 

Erigeron  Philadelphicus,  I/.     Skevish. 

In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  and  James 
valleys  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Erigeron  annuus,  (L.)  Pers.     Sweet  Scabious. 

On  low  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Erigeron  ramosus,  (Walt.)  B.  S.  P.     Daisy  Fleabane. 
Erigeron  strigosus>  Muhl. 

In  low  ground  and  on  banks  throughout  the  state. 
Erigeron  ramosus  Beyrichii,  (F.  &  M.)  Smith  &  Pound. 

In  the  Black  Hills. 
Erigeron  armerifolius,  Turcz.     Mountain  Fleabane. 

In  wet  meadows  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Leptilon  Canadense,  (L.)  Britton.     Horseweed. 
Erigeron  Canadensis,  L,. 

Throughout  the  state;  common  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state;  rare  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 
Leptiloii  divaricatum,  (Michx.)     Raf.     Purple  Horse- 
weed. 
Erigeron  divaricatus,  Michx. 

In  sandy  soils  in  the  Missouri    valley  in  Walworth 
county,  rare. 


207 

Doellingeria    umbellata,    (Mill.)     Nees.       Flat-topped 
White  Aster. 
Aster  umbellatus,  Mill. 

In  swampy  places  in  shaded  ravines  in  the  Minnesota 
valley. 

Filago  prolifera,  (Nutt.)    Britton.     Filago. 
Evax  prolifera,  Nutt. 

On  dry  hills  near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Anteimaria  dioica,  (L.)  Gaertn.     Mountain  Everlasting. 
In  the  borders  of  open  woods  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Anteimaria  iieodioica,  Greene.     Smaller   Cats-foot. 

In  shady  places  in  the  Black  Hills.  Two  of  Dr.  Ryd- 
'berg's  specimens;  795  collected  near  Hermosa,  793  near 
Hot  Springs  are  also  referred  to  this  species.  They  differ 
from  the  type  in  having  the  leaves  tomentose  above. 

Aiitennaria  campestris,  Rydberg.     Prairie  Cats-foot. 

On  prairies  throughout  the  state;  this  is  the  common 
species  which  has  been  regarded  as  a  form  of  A.  plant- 
aginifolia  which  has  not  yet  been  collected  in  the  state. 
It  is  likely  that  it  occurs  in  the  open  woods  in  the  Min- 
nesota and  Sioux  valleys. 

Anteimaria  Aprica,  Greene. 
In  the  Bad  Lands. 

Aiitennaria  parvifolia,  Nutt. 

Along  Spring  Lake  in  Brown  county. 

Aiiaphalis  margaritacea,  (L.)   .B.  &  H. 
Antennaria  margaritacea,  Hook. 
In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Silphium  perfoliatum,  L.     Cup  Plant. 

In  moist  thickets  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Silphium  laciiiiatnm,  L.     Compass  Plant. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  Sioux,  James  and  Missouri 
valleys.  Sioux  Falls,  Yankton,  Charles  Mix  counties. 


208 

Heliopsis  scabra,  Dunal.     Rough  Ox  Eye. 

Common  in  thickets  and  open  woods  from  the  Missouri 
valley  eastward.  Occasional  westward  along  the  White 
and  Bad  rivers. 

Rudbeckia  hirta,  L.     Black-eyed  Susan. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Kudbeckia  laciiiiata,  L.     Green-headed  Coneflower. 

In  thickets  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux,  and  southern 
Missouri  valleys  as  far  north  as  Charles  Mix  county. 

Ratibida  pinnata,  (Vent.)  Barnhart.     Gray-headed  Cone- 
flower. 
Lepachys  pinnata,  T.  &  G. 

On  low  prairies  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Ratibida  columnaris,  (Sims.)  D.  Don.  Prairie  Coneflower. 
Lepachys  columnaris,  T.  &  G. 

On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 

Brauneria  pallida,  (Nutt.)  Britton.     Pale  Purple  Cone- 
flower. 

Echinacea  angustifolia,  DC. 

Common  on  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  east- 
ward and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Helianthus  animus,  L.     Common  Sunflower. 
Common  throughout  the  state. 

Helianthus  petiolaris,  Nutt.     Prairie  Sunflower. 

O^  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state;  rare  from  the 
James  valley  eastward. 

Helianthus  scaberrimus,  Ell.     Stiff  Sunflower. 
Helianthus  rigidus,  Desf, 

Abundant  on  dry  prairies  throughout  the  state. 
Helianthus   Maximiliani,  Schrad.     Maximilian's  Sun- 
flower. 

On  rather  low  prairies  throughout  the  state. 


209 

Heliaiithus  grosse-serratus,  Martens.   Saw-toothed  Sun- 
flower. 

In  low  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys; 
common. 

Heliaiithus  tuberosus,  L.    Jerusalem  Artichoke. 

In  moist  soils  in  the  vicinity  of  streams,  from  the 
Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Helianthus  tuberosus  subcauesceiis,  Gray. 

In  the  Sioux  valley;  rare. 

Helianthella  quinquenervis,  (Hook.)  Gray.  Five-nerved 

False  Sunflower. 

On  dry  knolls  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Balsamorhiza  sagittata,  (Pursh.)  Nutt.     Balsamroot. 
In  the  Black  Hills. 

Coreopsis  tiiictoria,  Nutt.     Garden  Tickseed. 

In  moist  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Cereopsis  palmata,  Nutt.     Stiff  Tickseed. 

In  the  Sioux  valley  near  Sioux  Falls;  rare. 

Bideiis  laevis,  (L.)  B.  S.  P.     Smooth  Burr  Marigold. 
In  wet  meadows  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Bideiis  ceriiua,  !,.     Nodding  Burr  Marigold. 

In  wet  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 
Biclens  connata,  Muhl.     Purple-stemmed  Beggartick. 

In  swamps  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Bideiis  frondosa,  L.     Sticktight. 

In  moist  soils  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward. 

Hymenopappus  tenuifolius,  Pursh.     Woolly  Hymeno- 
pappus. 

On  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Hymenopappus  fllifolius,  Hook.  Tufted  Hymenopappus. 
On  dry  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Bahia  oppositifolia,  Nutt.     Bahia. 

On  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 


210 

Picracleiiia  acaulis,  (Nutt.)  Britton.    Stemless  Picradenia. 
Actinella  acaulis,  Nutt. 

In  dry,  gravelly  or  sandy  soils  in  the  Black  Hills,  and 
on  the  hills  and  buttes  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Helenium  autumiiale,  L,.     Sneezewort. 

In  low,  wet  places  in  the  Minnesota,  Sioux  and  James 
valleys. 

Gaillarclia  arista! a,  Pursh.     Great  Flowered  Gaillardia. 
On  dry  gravelly  banks  and  knolls  in  the  Minnesota 
valley  and  the  Black  Hills. 

Dysodia  papposa,  (Vent.)  A.  S.  Hitchcock.     Fetid  Mari- 
gold. 
Dysodia  chrysanthemoides,  Lag. 

In  low  places  along  streams  from  the  James  valley 
westward.  In  many  places  in  the  Missouri  valley  it  has 
become  a  bad  weed. 

Achillea  Millefolium,  L.     Yarrow. 

In  fields  and  waste  places  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux 
valleys,  and  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Anthemis  Cotula,  L.     Mayweed. 

In  waste  places  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and 
in  the  Black  Hills. 

Chrysanthemum   Leucanthemum,   L.     White  Daisy. 
Sparingly  introduced  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Tanacetum  vulgare,  L.     Tansy. 

Escaped  from  gardens  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys, 
rare. 

Artemisia  Canatlensis,  Michx.     Canada  Wormwood. 
On  sandy  hillsides  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Artemisia  caudata,  Michx.     Wild  Wormwood. 
In  sandy  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Artemisia   dracunculoides,  Pursh.      Common  Worm- 
wood. 

In  thickets  and  on  prairies  throughout  the  state. 


an 

Artemisia  filifolia,  Torr.     Silvery  Wormwood. 

In  the  Bad  Lands  country  just  east  of  the  Black  Hills. 
Artemisia  frigida,  Willd.     Wormwood  Sage. 

In  loose  gravelly  soils  throughout  the  state. 

Artemisia  biennis,  Wild.     Biennial  Wormwood. 

Introduced  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward.    A  bad 
weed,  native  of  the  Northwest  Territory. 

Artemisia  serrata,  Nutt.     Saw-leaved  Mugwort. 
In  thickets  and  on  low  ground,  not  common. 

Artemisia  longifolia,  Nutt.     Long-leaved  Mugwort. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward, 
occasional  in  the  James  valley. 

Artemisia  giiaphalodes,  Nutt.     Prairie  Mugwort. 
Abundant  on  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Artemisia  caiia,  Pursh.     Hoary  Sagebrush. 

On  the  dry  plains  from  the  Missouri  valley  westward. 

Petasites  sagittata,  (Pursh.)    Gray.     Sweet  Coltsfoot. 
In  the  Black  Hills  near  Rochford. 

Arnica  cordifolius,  Hook.     Heart-leaved  Arnica. 
On  shady  hillsides  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Arnica  alpina,  (L.)  Olin.     Arctic  Arnica.     Mountain  To- 
bacco. 

In  canons  and  on  shady  banks  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Senecio  iiitegerrimus,  Nutt.     Entire-leaved  Groundsel. 
Occasional  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys  and  in 
the  Black  Hills. 
Seiiecio  lugens,  Richards.     Black  Tipped  Groundsel. 

On  prairies  in  the  Sioux  and  James  valleys  and  in  the 
Black  Hills. 

Senecio  caiius,  Hook.     Silvery  Groundsel. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills,  a  common  and  variable 
species. 


212 

Senecio  Plattensis,  Nutt.     Prairie  Ragwort. 
In  dry  ground  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Senecio  Balsamit?e,  Muhl.     Balsam  Groundsel. 
Senecio  aureus  Balsamita?,  T.  &  G. 

On  prairies  from  the  Missouri  valley  eastward  and  in 
the  Black  Hills;  common. 

Senecio  aureus,  L,.     Golden  Ragwort. 

In  low,  wet  ground  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Seuecio  Douglasii,  DC.     Douglas'  Ragwort. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  plains  region,  along  the  Cheyenne 
river. 

Senecio  palustris,  (L.)  Hook.     Marsh  Ragwort. 

In  swamps  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Senecio  vulgaris,  L,.     Common  Groundsel. 

Occurs  in  cultivated  and  waste  ground  in  the  Minne- 
sota and  Sioux  valleys. 

Senecio  eremophilus,  Richards.     Mountain  Ragwort. 
On  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Senecio  rapifolius,  Nutt. 

In  shady  places  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Senecio  discoideus,  (Hook.)  Britton.     Northern  Squaw 
Weed. 

In  moist  ground  in  the  Missouri  valley,  Charles  Mix 
county.  The  specimens  are  typical,  except  that  the 
achenes  are  sharply  four-sided  and  hairy  on  the  angles. 

Arctium  minus,  Schk.     Common  Burdock. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  shady  waste  places  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  Sioux  valley  and  in  the  Minnesota 
valley. 

Carduus  altissimus,  L.     Roadside  Thistle. 
Cnicus  altissimus,  Willd. 

In  fields,    woods  and   waste  places  in  the  Minnesota 
and  Sioux  valleys. 


213 

Carduus  discolor,  (Muhl.)     Nutt.     Field  Thistle. 
Cnicus  discolor,  Muhl. 

On  prairies  in  the  Minnesota  and  Sioux  valleys. 

Carduus  Virginianus,  L.     Virginian  Thistle. 
Cnicus  Virginianus,  Pursh. 

In  woods  and  thickets  in  the  Minnesota   and   Sioux 
valleys. 

Carduus  undulatus,  Nutt.     Wavy-leaved  Thistle. 
Cnicus  undnlatus,  Gray. 

On  plains  and  prairies  throughout  the  state. 

Carduus  ochrocentrus,  (Gray.)  Green.      Yellow-spined 
Thistle. 
Cnicus  ochrocentrus,  Gray. 

In  dry  soils  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carduus  Plattensis,  Rydberg.     Prairie  Thistle. 

In  sandy  soils  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  state. 

Carduus  Drummoiidi,  (Gray). 
Cnicus  Drummondi,  Gray. 

In  damp  meadows  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Carduus  Caruovireiis,  Rydberg. 

Collected  near  Sylvan  lake  in  the  Black  Hills,  by 
Mr.  L.  W.  Carter.  Specimens  sent  Dr.  Rydberg  were 
identified  as  this  species. 

Carduus  arvensis,  (L.)  Robs.     Canada  Thistle. 
Cnicus  arvensis,  Hoff. 

Sparingly  naturalized  in  the  Sioux  valley. 

Centanrea  Cyanus,  L.     Blue  Bottle.     Corn  Flower. 
Roadsides  near  Hot  Springs  in  the  Black  Hills. 


INDEX. 


Abronia 
Abutilon 


PAGE 

14  r 
171 
169 
Acer  ....................  .  ...   T69 

Acetates  ....................  183 

Achillea  .....  ................  210 

Acnida  ......................   140 

Aconitum  ..................   144 

Acorus  ......................   1  25 

Actinella  ....................  210 

Actaea  .........  ..............   144 

Acuan  ..............  «  .......   158 

Adder-Tongues  ..............   103 

Adiantum  ...................   104 

Adicea  ......................    135 

ADOXACE^  ..................  196 

Adoxa  ......................  196 

Agastache  .............   .....   188 

Agoseris  ....................   198 

Agrimonia  ...................   156 

Agropyron  ..................   118 

Agrostemma  .................   142 

Agrostis  .....................   113 

Alexander  ...................   178 

Alisma  ......................   108 

AUSMACE.E  .................  108 

Allium  ......................  127 

Allionia  .....................    140 

Allocarya  ...................   186 

Alopecurus  ..................   112 

Alsine  .......................  141 

Alum-root  ...................   152 

AMARANTHACE^  ............  140 

Amaranths  ..................   140 

Amaranthus  .................   140 

AMARYLLIDACE^;  ...........  130 

Amaryllis  ....................   130 

AMBROSIACE^  .............  200 

Ambrosia  ...................  200 

Amelanchier  ................  157 


American  Brooklime 193 

American  Mint 190 

American  Spikenard 176 

Ammannia 174 

Amorpha !6o 

Ampelopsis 171 

Amphicarpa 165 

ANACARDIACB^ 169 

Anaphalis 207 

Andropogon 109 

Androsace 181 

Anemone 144 

ANGIOSPERMS 106 

Anogra 175 

Antennaria 207 

Anthemis 210 

Aphyllon 194 

Apios 165 

Aplopappus 202 

APOCYNACE^ 183 

Apocynum 183 

Apple  Family 156 

Aquilegia 144 

Arabis  151 

125 
176 

Aralia 176 

Arctium 212 

Arctostapylos 180 

Arenaria 143 

Argemone 147 

Arisasma 125 

Aristida in 

Arnica 211 

Arrhenatherum 114 

Arrow-grass 108 

Arrowhead 108 

Artemisia  210 

Artichoke 209 

Arums 125 


216 


PAGE 

183 

Asclepias 183 

Ash 181 

Asparagus 128 

Aspen 132 

Asplenium 104 

Aster  204 

Astragalus '. . .  161 

Atriplex 139 

Avena 114 

Avens 156 

Bahia 209 

BAI.SAMINACE^ 170 

Balsamorrhiza 209 

Balsam  Poplar 132 

Balsamroot 209 

Baneberry 144 

Barberry 147 

Barnyard-grass 109 

Basswood 171 

Bastard  Toad-flax 135 

Batrachium 146 

Bearberry 180 

Beard-grass 109 

Beard-tongues 192 

Bear's-grass 128 

Beckmannia 115 

Beckwith's  Clover 159 

Bedstraws 195 

Bellwort  Family 197 

Bellwort 127 

Bent-grass 113 

BBRBERIDACE^ 147 

Berberis 147 

Berula 179 

BETULACE^E 133 

Betula 133 

Bicuculla 147 

Bidens 209 

Bigelovia 202 

Bilberry 180 

Bindweed 184 

Birch 133 

Bird's- foot  Trefoil 160 

Bittersweet 169 

Bitterweed  200 

Black  Cherry 158 


PAGE 

Black-eyed  Susan 208 

Black  Mustard 148 

Black  Raspberry ....  154 

Black  Snakeroot 177 

Black  Walnut 131 

Bladder  Campion 142 

Bladder-pod 150 

Bladderwort 194 

Blazing  Star 201 

Blight 139 

Blitum 139 

Bloodroot 147 

Blue  Cohosh 147 

Blue-eyed  Grass 130 

Blue  Joint 1 14 

Boltonia 204 

Boneset 201 

BORAGINAGB^ 185 

Borage  Family 185 

Botrychium 103 

Bottle  Brush 1 76 

Bouncing  Bet 141 

Bouteloua 115 

Box  Elder 170 

Brachy  ely  trum 112 

Brake 104 

Brassica 148 

Brauneria 208 

Brewer's  Cliff-brake 104 

Brittle-fern 103 

Brome  118 

Bromus 118 

Broomrape  Family 194 

Buckbean  Family 182 

Buckthorn  Family 170 

Buckwheats 135 

Buffalo  Berry 174 

Buffalo  Burr 164 

Buffalo  Clover 159 

Buffalo  Currant 153 

Buffalo  Grass 115 

Buffalo  Pea 161 

Bug-seed 139 

Bulbilis 115 

Bulrush 121 

Bunch-flowers 127 

Bupleurum 179 


2I7 


Burdock  

PAGE 
212 

Catnip  

PAGE 
.'..     188 

Bur-head  

108 

Cat's-foot  

207 

Burning  Bush  

,  169 

Cat-tails  ; 

106 

Burr  Cucumber  

197 

Caulophyllum  

147 

Bur-reed  

106 

Ceanothus  

170 

Burr  Marigold  

209 

CELASTRACE^;  .  .  . 

169 

Burr  Oak  

134 

Celastrus  

169 

Bursa  

150 

Celtis  

134 

Bush  Clover  

164 

Centaurea  

213 

Bushy  Blue  stem  

109 

Centunculus  

181 

Buttercups  ... 

144 

Cerastium  

142 

Butterfly  Weed  

.....   183 

CERATOPHYLI.ACB; 

E  143 

Button  Snakeroo;  

.  .  .  .  .     201 

Ceratophyllum  .  .  . 

M3 

C^SA^PINACE^e  

158 

Cercis  

158 

CACTACE^;  

173 

Cercocarpus  

156 

Cactus  Family  

173 

Chaffweed  

181 

Cactus  

173 

Chamaenerion  .... 

174 

Calamagrostis  

H4 

Cheeses  

.-•  171 

Calamovilfa  

"4 

Cheilanthes  

104 

CAIvUTRICHACE^  

168 

Cenchrus  

IIO 

Callitriche  

168 

CHENOPODIACE^E 

138 

Calochortus  

128 

Chenopodium 

138 

Caltha  

....    144 

Cherries  

157 

Camelirfb  

150 

Chickweed  

MI 

CAMPANULACE^;  

197 

Chicory  Family  .  .  . 

198 

Campanula  

197 

Choke  Cherry 

158 

Canary  Grass  

no 

Chrysanthemum  .  . 

210 

Cancer  Root  

194 

Chrysopogon  

109 

Canoe  Birch  

133 

Chrysothamnus  . 

202 

Cannabis  

134 

ClCHORiACE^e  

198 

Caper  Family  

152 

Cicuta  

179 

Capnoides  

148 

Cinna  

113 

CAPPARIDACE^  

152 

Cinquefoils  

>54 

CAPRIFOIvIACE^E  

195 

Circaea  

176 

Capsella  

150 

ClSTACE^E  

172 

Caraway  

179 

Clammy-weed  

.«  152 

Cardatnine  

Claytonia  

141 

Carduus  

212 

Clearweed  

135 

Carex  

....     122 

Cleavers  

195 

Carrion  Flower  

129 

Clematis  

145 

Carrot  Family  
Carum  

177 
179 

Cleoma  
Cliff-brake  

152 
104 

CARYOPHYI^LACE^  

141 

Clovers  

159 

Cassia  

158 

Club  Mosses  

105 

Castilleja  
Catabrosa  

193 

116 

Club  Rushes  
Cnieus  

121 
-  2I3 

Catchfly  

Hi 

Cocklebur  

200 

218 


Colicroot  

PAGE 
201 

CUSCUTACE^  

PAGE 

184 

Collinsia  

192 

Cuscuta  

184 

Collomia  

....     ...     I85 

Cup  Plant  

.  .  .  .  207 

Columbine  

M4 

Currant  

153 

Comandra  

135 

Cycloloma  

139 

COMMEWNACE^  

126 

Cymopterus  

177 

Compass  Plant  

207 

CYPERACE^  

1  20 

COMPOSITE  

200 

Cyperus  

120 

CONVALLARIACE^  .    • 

128 

Cypripedium  

..      .  .      130 

CONVOI<VUI,ACE^    .  .  . 

I84 

Cystopteris  

103 

Convolvulous  

I84 

Dactylis  

116 

Corallorhiza  

131 

Dakota  Vetch  

160 

Coral-root  .  .  .  ,  

131 

Dalea  

161 

Cord-grass  

"5 

Dandelion  

198 

Coreopsis  

209 

Danthonia  

i'5 

Coringia  

152 

Daucus  

....    177 

Corispernum  

139 

Delphinium  

M4 

CORNACE^  

179 

Deringia  

179 

Corn  Cockle  

142 

Desmant.hus  

158 

Cornel  

«79 

Desmodium  

1  64 

Cornflower  

213 

Dicentra  

147 

Cornus  

•  -  179 

DICOTYLEDON  E-   ... 

J3t 

Corydalis  

148 

Diplachne  

Ji5 

Corylus  

••    133 

Diosporum  

'29 

Cottonwood  

132 

Distchlis  

116 

Cotton-grass  

121 

Docks  

136 

Couch-grass  

118 

Dodder  Family  

184 

Cow-herd  

141 

Dodecatheon  

181 

Cow-parsnip  

i?7 

Doellingeria  

207 

Cowslip  

181 

Dogbane  Family  

.    ...    183 

Crab-grass  

109 

Dogwood  Family  

179 

Cranberry  Tree  

•  195 

Dogwoods  

.....   179 

Crane's  Bills  

166 

Dondia  

139 

CRASSULACE^  

152 

Draba  

....    150 

Crataegus  

157 

Dracocephalum  

189 

Creeping  Red  Cedar.  . 

106 

Dragonhead  

189 

Crepis  

199 

DRUPACE^  

157 

Cress  

149 

Dryopteris  

....    104 

Crotalaria  

159 

Duckweeds  

126 

Croton  

167 

Dutchman's  Breeches  .  .  . 

147 

Crowfoots  , 

H4 

Dwarf  Cornel  

179 

CRUCIFER^  

148 

Dvsodia  

2JO 

Cryptotcenia  

179 

Eatonia  

116 

Cryptanthe  

186 

Echinacea  

208 

Cuckoo-flower  

150 

Echinocystis  

197 

CUCURBITACE^  

197 

Echinodorus  

108 

Culver's  Root  

.193 

Echinospermum  

186 

219 


Echium 


172 

Elatine  ......................  172 

Elder  .......................  I95 

EivAEAGNACE^  ..............  174 

Elaeagnus  ...................  174 

Eleocharia  ..................  120 

Eel-grass  ....................  108 

Ellisia  ......................  !85 

Eltn  ........................  134 

Ely  mus  .....................  IIQ 

Enchanter's  Nightshade  ......  176 

Epilobium  ...................  174 

Equisetum  ..................  105 

EQUISETACE^  ...............  105 

Eragrostis  ...................  1  16 

ERICACE^  ......  ............  180 

Erigeron  ....................  205 

Eriocarpum  .................  202 

Eriogonum  ..................  135 

Eriophorum  .  ................  121 

Eryngium  ...................  177 

Erysimum  ...................  151 

Euonymus  ..................  169 

Eupatorium  ................  200 

EUPHORBIACE^  ......  .......    167 

Euphorbia  ...........  ........   167 

Eurotia  .....................   139 

Euthamia  ...................  203 

Evax  .......................  207 

Evening  Primrose  Family.  .  .  .   174 

Evening  Primrose  ............   174 

Evolvulus  ...................   184 

FAGACE^  ...............     .  .  134 

Falcata  ......................   165 

False  Indigo  .................   160 

False  Pimpernel  .............   192 

False  Red-top  ...............   117 

Fame-flower  .................   141 

Ferns  ........................   103 

Fescue  ......................   118 

Festuca  .....................   118 

Fetid  Marigold  ..............  210 

Figwort  Family  ..............   191 

Filago  .......................   207 

Finger  Grass  .......  ._  ........   109 

Fireweed  ...........  *  ........  174 


PAGE 

Flag 130 

Flax  Family 166 

Fleabanes 205 

Flowering  Plants 106 

Fogfruit.... 187 

Forget-me-not 187 

Four-o'clocks 140 

Foxtail no 

Fragaria 154 

Franseria 200 

Frasera 182 

Fraxinus 181 

Fringed  Orchis 131 

Fritillaria 128 

Frostweed 172 

Gaertneria 200 

Gaillardia 210 

Galium 195 

Garlics j  28 

Gaura 176 

Gayophy ton 1 76 

GENTIANACE^ 182 

Gentiana 182 

Gentian  Family 182 

Gentians 182 

GERANIACE^ 166 

Geranium  Family 166 

Geranium J  66 

Gerardia 193 

Germander 188 

Geum 156 

Giant  Hyssop 188 

Gilia 185 

Ginseng  Family 176 

Glasswort 139 

Gleditsia 158 

Glyceria 117 

Glycyrrhiza ,, 164 

Golden  Aster 202 

Goldenrods 203 

Goodyera  131 

Gooseberry 153 

Goosefoots 138 

Goosegrass 194 

Gourd  Family 197 

GRAMINK^  '09 

Grape  Family. 170 


220 


Grape-fern . 
Grapes 


17° 


Grass  of  Parnassus  ...........   152 

Green  Ash  ..........  ,  ........   181 

Greenbrier  ...................   130 

Grindelia  ....................   202 

Gromwell  ...................    187 

GROSSULARIACE^  ...........  153 

Ground  Cherry  ..............    190 

Groundnut  ..................    165 

Ground  Pine  ................    105 

Ground  Plum  ................   161 

Groundsel    ..................   211 

Gum  Plant  ..................   202 

Gutierrezia  ..................   202 

Gymnocladus   ...............   158 

GYMNOSPERM^  .............  105 

Gymnosperms  ..............   105 

Gyrostachys  ............  .....   131 

Habenaria  ...................    130 

Hackberry  ...................    134 

HAI/>RAGIDACE^  ............  176 

Harebell  ....................   197 

Hare's-ear  Mustard  ..........    152 

Hazelnut    ...................    133 

Hawkweed  ......  ...........   199 

Heath  Family  ...............   180 

Hedeoma  ..................   189 

Hedge  Bindweed  .............   184 

Hedge  Hyssop  ...............    192 

Hedge  Mustard  ..............    148 

Hedge  Nettle  ................    189 

Hedysarum  .................     164 

Helenium  ...................   210 

Helianthella  .................   209 

Helianthemum  ..............   172 

Helianthus  .........  .........  2(8 

Heliopsis    ..................   208 

Heliotropium    ...............    185 

Hemp    ......................    134 

Heracleum  ..............      .     177 

Herpestis  ....................    192 

Heteranthera  ...............    126 

Heuchera  ....................    152 

Hibiscus  ....................   171 

Hieracium  ...................   199 


PAGE 

Hierochloe 1 1 1 

Hippuris 176 

Hoarhound 190 

Hog  Peanut 165 

Homalobus 163 

Homalocenchrus no 

Honewort 179 

Honeysuckle  Family 195 

Hop  Clover 159 

Hops 134 

Hordeum 119 

Hornwort 143 

Hosackia    160 

Horseradish 149 

Horse-tails 105 

Horseweed 206 

Huckleberry  Family 180 

Humulus 131 

Hungarian  Grass no 

HYDROPHYLLACE^E 185 

Hydrophyllum 185 

Hymenopappus    209 

HYPERICACE^ 171 

Hypericum 171 

Ilypoxis •. 130 

Hyssop   189 

Hyssopus 190 

Hysanthes    1 92 

Impatiens..! 170 

Indian  Hemp 183 

Indian  Mallow 171 

Indian  Pipe  Family 180 

Indian  Pipe 180 

Indian  Rice . .    no 

Indian  Soapweed 1 28 

Indian  Turnip 125 

Ipomcea 184 

IRIDACE^     130 

Iris 130 

Ironweed      200 

Iron-wood 133 

Iva 200 

Isophorus no 

Jewel-weed  Family 1 70 

JUNCACE^ 126 

Juncus 1 26 

Juncoides 127 


221 


_  PAGE 

JUGDLANDACE^; 131 

Juglans 131 

June  Berry 157 

Juniper 106 

Juniperus 106 

Kentucky  Blue-grass 116 

Kentucky  Coffee-tree 158 

Knot-grass 137 

Knot-weed 137 

Koeleria 116 

Krynitzkia 186 

Kuhnia  201 

Kunistera 161 

LABIATE 188 

Laciniaria 2^1 

Lactuca 198 

Ladies'  Slipper 130 

Ladies'  Tresses 131 

Lady-fern 104 

Lamb'o  quarters 138 

Laporiea 135 

Lappula 186 

Larkspur   144 

Lathyrus 165 

Lead  Plant 160 

Leeks 127 

Leersia . no 

Legouzia 197 

Lemna 126 

LEMNACE^E 126 

LENTIBUI^ARIACE^ 194 

Leonurus 189 

Lepachys 208 

Lepargyrsea 174 

Lepidium 148 

Leptandra 193 

Lepti'on 206 

Lespedeza 164 

Lesquerella 150 

Lettuce ••-.   198 

Leucocrinum 527 

Lialris 201 

Lithospermutn 187 

LILIACB^ 127 

Lilies 127 

Liliutn 128 

Lily  of  the  Valley 128 


LINAGES 166 

Linaria jgX 

Linden   Family 17! 

Linnaea j^g 

Linum ,66 

Lip-fern IO4 


Little  Club  Mosses 1,5 

LOASACE^v    173 

Loasa  Family   173 

Lobelia 197 

Loco-weed 163 

Louicera 196 

Loosestrife  Family 174 

Loosestrife 174 

Lophanthus 189- 

Lophotocarpus u.8 

Lopseed 194 

Lotus  160 

Lousewort 193 

Luetkea 154 

Lungwort 187 

Lupines 159 

Lupinus 159 

Lychnis 141 

LYCOPODIACE^; 105 

Lycopus 190 

Lycopodiutn 105 

Lygodesmia 198 

Lysimachia 181 

LYTHRACE^ 174 

Lythrum 174 

Machseranthera 205 

Macrocalyx 185 

Madder  Family 194 

Mahonia 147 

Maiden-hair 104 

Majanthemum 129 

Male  fern 104 

Mallow  Family 171 

Malva 171 

MALVACEAE 171 

Malvastrum 171 

Mamillaria  173 

Manna  Grass 117 

Maple  Family 169 

Mariposa  Lily 128 


222 


Marsh  Foxtail 

PAGE 
112 

Moss  Champion  

PAGE 

142 

Marsh  Marigold 

Moschatel  Family 

196 

Marsilea  
MARSILEACE^S;  

Matthiola  
Matricary  Grape  feru  
Mayweed 

.  ...  104 
.  ...  104 
....  151 
.  ...  103 

Motherwort  
Mountain  Ash  
Mountain  Rice  
Mouse  Tail  
Mud  Plantain 

189 
157 
in 
145 
.   126 

Meadow  Grass  
Meadow  Parsnip  
Meadow  Rue 

....  117 
....  178 

Muhlenbergia  
Mulberry  
Mullen 

112 
134 
.  .  .     192 

Meadow-sweet  
Meibomia 

.  ...  154 

164 

Munroa  

U5 
.     ..178 

MEIvANTHACE^;  

Melilotus  . 

.  ...  127 

Mustard   Family  
Myosotis 

148 
.     ...     187 

MENISPERMACE^E  
Menispermum  
Mentha  .  . 

.  .  .  .  147 
.  ...  147 

Myosurus  
Myriophyllum  
Nabalus                      .    ... 

145 
176 

•    •  •   T99 

Mentzelia  .  .  . 

Naiad 

....   106 

MENYANTHACE^  

,  ...  182 

NAIADACE^  , 

106 

Menyanthes  
Meriolix.  

.  ...  182 

•  •  •  •   *75 

Naias  
Nasturtium  

....   107 
149 

Mertensia  
Mesquite  Grass 

....   187 
IIS 

Naumbergia  
Neckweed               

i8r 
....   193 

Micrampelis  . 

IQ7 

Nepeta                   

189 

Milk  Purslane  
Milk  Vetches  
Milkweed  Family     . 

....  167 
.  ...  162 

18? 

Nettles  
Nightshades  
Ninebark       

...-••   135 
....   191 
....   153 

Milkwort  Family  .  . 

167 

Northern  spleauwort 

....   104 

MiMOSACE^E  
Mimosa  Family  
Mimulus  
Mint  Family  

....    158 
....    158 
,  ...   192 
1  88 

Nothocalia  
NYCTAGINACE^E  
Nymphsea  
NYMPH^ACE^     

....   198 
....   140 
....   143 
....   143 

Modesty  

170 

Oak  -fern        

....   103 

Moehringia  
Monarda  
MONOCOTYLEDONS  . 

...   143 
...    189 
106 

Oat-grass  
CEnothera  
OLEACE^J   

....   114 
....   175 
....   181 

Monkey  Flower  
Monkshood 

...    192 

Oleaster  Family  

....   174 
181 

Monniera 

I7S 

Monolepis 

ONAGRACE^E 

174 

Monotropa  

...   180 

Onoclea  

•  •  •  •   IO3 

MONOTROPACE^v  

Moonseed  Family 

...   i  So 

147 

Onosmodium  
OPHIOGLOSSACE^E 

....    187 
•    IO3 

MORACE^  

1-34 

Opulaster                     . 

•  •  •   I53 

Morning  Glory  Family  
Morongia  
Moras.  .  . 

...   184 
...   158 

,  .      1T.A 

Opuntia  
Orchard-grass  
ORCHIDACE^E.  .  . 

....    173 
....    116 

.  -    no 

223 


PAGE 

Orache !  39 

Oreocarya j86 

Oregon  Woodsia 103 

Orchids x^o 

OROBANCHACE^E 194 

Orobanche 194 

Orophaca 163 

Orpine  Family 152 

Orthocarpus !93 

Oryzopsis m 

Osmorrhiza 178 

Ostrich-fern 103 

Ostrya I33 

OXAUDACE^ 166 

Oxalis ' !66 

Ox  Eye 208 

Oxygraphis 146 

Oxytropis 163 

Pachylophus. 175 

Painted  Cup 193 

Panicularia 117 

Panicum 109 

PAPAVERACE^E 147 

PAPIUJONACE^ 158 

Parietaria 135 

Parnassia 152 

Paronichia 143 

Parosela 161 

Parsley 177 

Parsnip 178 

Parthenocissus 170 

Pasque  Flower 145 

Pastinaca 177 

Pea  Family 158 

Pedicularis 193 

Pellaea 104 

Pellitory 135 

Pennyroyal 189 

Penthorum 152 

Pentstemon 191 

Pepper-grass - 148 

Peramium 131 

Persicaria 136 

Petalostemon 161 

Petasites 211 

Peucedauum 177 

Phaca 163 


PAGE 

Phalaris no 

Phegoptoris 103 

Philotria 108 

Phleum 112 

Phlox 185 

Phlox  Family 185 

Phragmites 115 

Phryma 194 

PHRYMACE^; 194 

Physalis 190 

Physaria 150 

Physostegia 189 

Picea 105 

Pickerel-weed 126 

Picradenia 210 

Pigeon  grass no 

Pigweed 138 

Pilea 135 

PINACE^.     Pinus 105 

Pine  Drops 180 

Pinks 141 

PLANTAGINACE^ 194 

Plantago 194 

Plantain  Family 194 

Pleurisy  Root 183 

Plum  Family 157 

Poa 116 

Poison  Ivy 169 

Poison  Oak 169 

Polanisia 152 

Poi,EMONiACE^    185 

Polygala 167 

POLYGALACH^ 167 

POLYGONACE^ 135 

Polygonatum 1 29 

Polygomum ." 136 

POIvYPODIACE^ 103 

Polypodium 104 

Polypody 104 

POMACE^ 156 

Pond  Lily 143 

Pond  Weed 106 

Poplar •  •   132 

Poppy  Family 14? 

Populus 132 

Porcupine  Grass in 

Portulaca. 141 


224 


POR.TULACACB.fl5   

PACK 
.  .      141 

Reed  Grass             :  .  .  . 

PAGE 

.  .    11* 

Potamogeton  

.  .    106 

RHAMNACE^E  .  .  . 

170 

IQO 

Rhus     . 

PONTBDERIACE^  

Potentilla                 

..  126 

.  .    1^4 

Ribes  
Rice   Cut-Grass   . 

••    153 

Powder-horn  
Prairie  Clover  
Prairie  Turnip  

..  142 

.  ..    161 
.  ..   160 
•    IQQ 

Rock-cress  
Rock  Maple  
Rocky  Mountain  Woodsia.  . 
Rock-rose  Family 

-  .    151 
..    I69 
••     103 

Prickly  Ash                  

167 

Roripa  

148 

Prickly  Pear  
Primrose  Family         

•••    173 
...    181 

Rosa  
ROSACE^  

..    I56 

JC1 

PRIMUI.ACE.S3           

.    181 

Roses  "... 

.    is6 

i8q 

Rudbeckia 

2O8 

RUBIACE.SJ 

Psoralea  
PTERIDOPAYTKS  
Pteris  
pterospora    

.  ..    160 
-••   103 
.  .  .    104 
.  .     180 

Rubus  
Rue  Family  
Rumex  
Ruppia  

••   154 
..   167 
..   136 
.  .   107 

187 

126 

Purple-stemed  Cliff-brake.  . 
Purslane  
Pursley 

.  ..   104 
.  ..    141 
141 

Rush-grass  
Russian  Thistle  
Rur  AC  E.#V 

.  .     112 

••     '39 
167 

Pulsatilla  
Pyrola  ....               

...   145 
1  80 

Sage  
Sagebush  .... 

..     I89 

PYROLACE^             

1  80 

Sagittaria  

108 

Pyrus  .... 

157 

SALICACE^B 

Quack-grass  
Quamoclit  
Quercus  

...   118 

.  .  ..  184 
...    134 

Salicornia  
Salix  
Salmon-berry  
Salsify 

•  •  139 
...  132 
...  154 

ioS 

Salsola 

RANUNCULACE^  
Ranunculus  y  
Ratibida  
Rattle-box  

...    144 
...    146 
...   208 

ICQ 

Sal  via  
Sambucus  
Sand  Cherry  
Sand  Burr 

...    189 
•  ••    195 
•-•    157 

Rattlesnake  Plantain.  .'.... 
Rattlesnake  Root  
Rayless  Goldenrod  
Red  Ash  

...       I3I 
...       I99 

.  .  .     202 

181 

Sandwort  
Sanguinaria  
Sanicula  
SANTALACE.^ 

-.-    143 

-  •  •    147 
.  ..    177 

Redbud  

158 

Saponaria  

Red  Cedar  
Red  Osier  

...   106 
....   179 

Sarsaparilla   
Savastana  

...    177 
.  .  .    in 

Redroot  
RedtOD  .. 

....   170 
.  .  in 

SAXIFRAGACE^  
Saxifraees.  .  . 

...    152 

.  .     I<?2 

225 


Schedonnardus  . 

115 

Snow  berry  

196 

SCHEUCHZERIACF^  

108 

Soapwort  

141 

Schollera  

126 

Sofl  Maple  

169 

Schrankia  

158 

SOI,ANACH^  

190 

Schrophularia  

191 

Solanutn  

191 

SCHROPHUI,ARIACE^E;  .  . 

191 

Solidago  

.  202 

Scirpus  

121 

Solomon's  Seal  

129 

S^ouring-rush  

105 

Sonchus  

198 

Scutellaria  

1  88 

Sophia  

150 

Sedges  

120 

Sophora  

158 

Sedum  

152 

Sorbus  

156 

Selaginella  

105 

Sow  Thistle  

198 

SE^AGINEI/IV  VCE^  .... 

105 

SPARGANIACE^  

1  06 

Selfheal  

189 

Sparganium  

1  06 

Senaca   Gras.-  

irr 

Spartina  

II5 

Senecio  

211 

Spear-grass  

H7 

Senna  Family  

158 

Specularia  

'97 

Sensitive-brier  

158 

Speedwells  

'93 

Sensitive  fern  

103 

Spergula  

143 

Senitive  Pea  

158 

SPERMOPHYTH-5    ... 

i  '5 

Service  Berry  

J57 

Spiderwort    

126 

Setaria  

no 

Spiesia  

163 

Sheep  Sorrel  

136 

Spikenard  

......    128 

Shepherdia  

174 

Spike-rushes  

120 

Shepherd's  Purse  

150 

Spiraea  

154 

Shin-leaf  

1  80 

Spiranthes  

131 

Shoe-string  

i6t 

Spirocela  

.126 

Shooting  Star  

181 

Spleenwort  

104 

Sickle-pod  

151 

Sporobolus  

112 

Sicyos  

197 

Spruce  

105 

Silene  

141 

Spurey  

147 

Silphium  

207 

Spurge   Family  

163 

Silver-berry  

174 

Spurges  

167 

Silver  Maple  

169 

Squaw  Currant  

'53 

Sinapsis  

148 

Squirrel-tail-gras3  

119 

Sisymbrium  

148 

Stachys  

189 

Sisyrinchium  

130 

Staff-tree  Family  

'69 

Sium  

178 

Staghorn  Sumac  

1  69 

Skullcap  

1  88 

Stanleya  

148 

Skunk-bush  

169 

Star-grass  

'30 

vSlippery  Elm  

134 

Steironema  

181 

Stnartweed  

137 

Stellaria  

142 

SMIIvACACE^  

129 

Stickseeds  

186 

Smilacina  

128 

Sticktight  

209 

Smilax  

129 

Stipa  

in 

Snakeroot  

177 

Stitch-wort  

142 

Sneezewort  

2IO 

St.  Johns-wort  Family  .  . 

171 

226 


PAGE 

Stock 151 

Stonecrop ....  152 

Strawberry 154 

Streptopus 129 

Strong-scented  Eragrostis 1 16 

Strophostyles 165 

Sugar  Maple 169 

Sumac  Family 169 

Sunflower 208 

Sweet  Cicely 178 

Sweet  Clover 159 

Sweet  Coltsfoot 211 

Sweet  Flag 125 

Sweet  Locust 158 

Swertia 182 

Symphoricarpus 196 

Syntherisma 109 

Synthris 192 

Talinum 141 

Tall  Marsh-grass 115 

Tanacetum 210 

Tansy 210 

Tansey   Mustard 150 

Tape-grass 108 

Taraxacum 198 

Tare 165 

Tellima 153 

Teucrium 188 

Texas  Thistle  191 

Thalaspi 148 

Thalesia 194 

Thalictrum 147 

Thermopsis 159 

Thin-grass 113 

Thistle  Family 200 

Thistles 212 

Thorn-  apple 157 

Thoroughwort 201 

Tickseed 109 

Tick -trefoils 164 

Timothy 112 

Tilia 171 

TlUACK^ 171 

Toad  Flax 191 

Toad  Rush 126 

Tobacco  Root 196 

Touch-me-nots 170 


PAGE 

Tower  Mustard 151 

Tradescantia 126 

Tragopogon 198 

Trailing  Mahonia 147 

Trifolium 159 

Triglochin 108 

Trillium 129 

Iroximon 198 

Tumble  Weed 140 

Tumbling  Mustard 148 

Turkey-foot  Grass   109 

Twinflower 195 

Twist-foot 129 

Ty  pha 106 

Typhaceae 106 

ULMACE^ 134 

Ulmus 134 

Urrbrella-wort 140 

UMBELLIFER^E 177 

Umbelworts 177 

Unifolium 1 29 

Urtica 135 

URTICACE^E 135 

Urticastrum 135 

Utricularia 194 

Uvularia 127 

Vaccaria 141 

VACCINEACE^ 180 

Vaccinium 180 

Vagnera 128 

Valerian 197 

Valeriana 196 

VALERINACE^ 196 

Vallisneria 108 

VALUSNERIACE^;    108 

Venice    Mallow 171 

Venus-hair  fein 104 

Verbascum 191 

Verbena. 187 

VERBENACE^S 187 

Vernonia 200 

Veronica 192 

Vervain  Family 187 

Vervains 187 

Vesicaria 150 

Vetch 164 

Vetchlings 165 


227 


Viburnum 


Viper's  Bugloss 
Viola 


187 


172 

Voilet   Family  ...............  I72 

Virginia  creeper  ............  170 

Virginian  Grape-fern  .........  103 

Virgin's  Bower  ..............  145 

Viscid  Aster  .....  ............  205 

VlTACE^J  ....................  I70 

Vitis  .......................  I7o 

Wahoo  ......................  169 

Wake-robin  ................  129 

Wall-flower  ..................  152 

Walnut  ......................  131 

Washingtonia  ................  178 

Water-cress  ..................  149 

Water-crowfoot  ..............  146 

Water  Fennel  ................  168 

Water  Helmock  .............  179 

Water  Hemp  ................  140 

Water  Hoarhound  ..........  .  190 

Waterleaf  Family  ............  185 

Water  Lilies  .................  143 

Water  Millfoil  Family  ........  176 

Water-Plantain    .............  108 

Water  Starwort  Family  ......  268 

Water  Star-grass  .............  126 

Waterwort  ..................  172 

Water-  whirl[Grass  ............  1  16 

Western  Blight    .............  139 

Western  Ruppia  ..............  107 

Western  Stipa  ...............  in 

Western  Water  Hemp  ........  140 

Western  Wheat  Grass  ........  119 

Western  Yellow  Pine  ........  105 

Wheat-grass  .................  118 

White   Ash  ..................  181 

White  Campion  ..............  141 

Whita  Clover  ................  159 

White  Daisy  .................  210 


TAGE 

White  Elm 134 

White  Grass " no 

White  Mustard 148 

White  Sage 139 

White  Spruce 105 

Whitlow-grass ...  150 

WiMBean 165 

Wild   Bergamot 189 

Wild   Carrot 177 

Wild  Leeks 127 

Wild  Licorice 164 

Wild  Oats 114 

Wild  Onions.    127 

Wild  Parsnip 177 

Wild  Peas 165 

Wild  Plum 157 

Wild  Rice no 

Wild  Rye 119 

Wild  Sarsaparilla 177 

Willow  Herb 174 

Willows 132 

Wind  Flower... 145 

Wintergreen  Family 180 

Witch  Grass. no 

Wolfberry 196 

Wolfsbane 144 

Woodbine 170 

Wood  Nettle 135 

Woodsia 103 

Wood-sorrel  Family 166 

Wormwood 210 

Wultenia 193 

Xanthium 200 

Xanthoxylum 167 

Yarrow. 210 

Yellow  Pine 105 

Yucca 128 

ZANNICHEI.UA 107 

Zizania no 

Zizia 178 

Zygademus • 127 


S3 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 
Goleta,  California 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


20m-3,'59(A552s4)476 


ERRATA. 


Page  101,  7th  line,  ior  herberium,  read  herbarium. 

Page  103,  sth  line,  for  matricarifoliura,  read  matricariaefolium. 

Page  106,  4th  line,  insert  (L)  after  Virginiana. 

Page  107,  soth  line,  for  occideutalis,  read  occidentalis. 

Page  no,  Sth  line,  for  Capillare,  read  capillare. 

Page  no,  i4th  and  isth  lines,  for  Viridis  and  Viridis,  read  viridis  and  viridis. 

Page  in,  2oth  line,  for  Spartea,  read  spartea. 

Page  112,  i4th  line,  for  Sylvatica,  read  sylvatica. 

Page  114,  sth  line,  for  macouniana,  read  Macouniana. 

Page  114,  39th  line,  for  Striata,  read  striata. 

Page  115,  ist  line,  for  Danlhona,  read  Dauthonia. 

Page  115,  3rd  line,  for  Cynosuroides,  read  cynosuroides. 

Page  115,  igth  line,  for  Curtipendula,  read  curtipendula. 

Page  116,  4th  line,  for  purshii,  read  Purshii. 

Page  116,  6th  line,  for  Major,  read  major. 

Page  118,  24th  line,  Cough-grass,  read  Couch-grass. 

Page  119,  isth  line,  for  Jubatum,  read  jubatum. 

Page  119,  soth  line,  for  Elytnoides,  read  elymoides. 

Page  126,  2nd  line,  for  Spirodella,  read  Spirodela. 

Page  126,  nth  line,  for  virginiana,  read  Virginiana. 

Page  128,  27th  line/  for  Officinalis,  read  officinalis. 

Page  128,  soth  line,  for  Spiknard,  read  Spikenard. 

Page  129,  6th  line,  for  ainqlexicaulis,  read  amplexicaulis. 

Page  129,  22nd  line,  for  Commutatum,  read  commutatum. 

Page  130,  i2th  line,  for  augustifolium,  read  a ngusti folium. 

Page  130,  27th,  3ist,  34th  lines,  for  Cyprepedium,  read  Cypripediutn. 

Page  133,  I7th  line,  for  virginica,  read  Virginica. 

Page  139,  7th  and  Sth  lines,  for  Cycloma,  read  Cycloloma. 

Page  141,  i6th  line,  for  Silena,  read  Silene. 

Page  141,  igth  and  2ist  lines,  Lychinis,  read  Lychnis. 

Page  141,  igth  line,  for  Champion,  read  Campion. 

Page  142,  12th,  I4th,  I7th  and  2oth  lines,  for  Silena,  read  Silene. 

Page  142,  I2th,  I4th  and  i7th  lines,  for  Champion,  read  Campion. 

Page  143,  24th  line,  for  oderata,  read  odorata. 

Page  144,  28th  line,  for  Fisher's,  read  Fischer's. 

Page  145,  sth  line,  for  virginiana,  read  Virginiana. 

Page  150,  isth  line,  for  Shepard's,  read  Sheperd's. 

Page  153,  I2th  line,  for  Setosum,  read  setosum. 

Page  153,  isth  line,  for  Riber,  read  Ribes. 

Page  154,  izth  line,  for  nutkanus,  read  Nutkanus. 

Page  154,  3ist  line,  for  Vesca,  read  vesca. 

Page  155,  isth  line,  for  hippiana,  read  Hippiana. 

Page  155,  2oth  line,  for  fruiticosa,  read  fruticosa. 

Page  156,  gth  line,  for  Macrophyllum,  read  macrophyllum. 

Page  156,  I7th  line,  for  Agrimonia,  read  Agromonia, 

Page  156,  aoth  line,  for  Agrimonia,  read  Agromonia. 

Page  156,  28th  line,  for  woodesii,  read  Woodsii. 

Page  161,  i7th,  2ist,  26th  and  3ist  lines,  for  Petahtemon.  read  Petalostemon. 

Page  165,  2ist  and  zand  lines,  for  Apois,  read  Apios. 

Page  168,  igth  line,  for  dictyosporma,  read  dictyosperma. 


3 


Page  168,  25th  line,  for  mountain,  read  montana. 

Page  169,  i6th  line,  for  atropurpureous,  read  atropurpureus. 

Page  170,  27th  line,  for  Vulpina,  read  vulpiua. 

Pa/-   171,  ^th  line,  for  Tilliacese,  read  Tiliaceze. 

Page  171,  loth  line,  for  Sylvestris,  read  sylvestris. 

Page  177,  5th  line,  for  carrota,  read  carota. 

Page  178,  ist  line,  for  canadensis,  read  Canadensis. 

Page  178,  2nd  line,  for  canadensis,  read  Canadensis. 

Page  179,  ijth  line,  for  canadensis,  read  Canadensis. 

Page  179,  i8th  line,  for  augustifolia,  read  ttngustifolia. 

Page  180,  8th  line,  for  Elliptica,  read  elliptica. 

Page  184,  zoth  line,  for  Kpithymum,  read  epithymum. 

Page  185,  2gth  line,  for  Curassavicum,  read  curassavicum. 

Page  187,  24th  line,  for  Molle,  read  inolle,  for  Cromwell,  Cromwell 

Page  189,  z8th  and  3oth  lines,  for  Bergamont,  read  Bergamot. 

Page  203,  2sth  line,  for  Radula,  read  radula. 

Page  209,  I7th  line,  Cereopsis,  read  Coreopsis. 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


